Ultraviolet Light Protection: Is It Really Enough?

Farris, Patricia K.; Valacchi, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/antiox11081484

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…These results are in accordance with the results of Kudish et al 40 Usually, UV irradiation is considered as deleterious to the skin resulting in pyrimidine dimers formation, burns, inflammation, and other biological damages 41–44 . It is well known that UV irradiation results in the activation of Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway 45–47 . However, we found the additional column of air (~1100 m) that filters the solar radiation and resulted in lowered levels of both UVA and UVB to different extents leading to a small change in the ratio UVA/UVB, resulting in enhanced activation of the pathway.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…[41][42][43][44] It is well known that UV irradiation results in the activation of Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. [45][46][47] However, we found the additional column of air ($1100 m) that filters the solar radiation and resulted in lowered levels of both UVA and UVB to different extents leading to a small change in the ratio UVA/UVB, resulting in enhanced activation of the pathway. Thus, supporting the hypothesis that moderate rather than intensive stress is preferred to activate the protecting pathway.…”

Section: Comparison Of Cell Integrity Following Exposure To Solar Rad...mentioning

confidence: 77%

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Cutaneous Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway modulation by environmental factors: The Dead Sea area as a test case

Cohen

Portugal-Cohen

Oron³

et al. 2022

BioFactors

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The skin is constantly exposed to exogenous environmental stressors and has to cope with excessive oxidative stress and tissue damage. However, exposure to moderate environmental stressors may be beneficial for the cutaneous tissue and assist in protecting against oxidative damage via the enhanced activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1) pathway. Such moderate stressors can be found in various locations around the globe. In this manuscript, we chose to focus on the Dead Sea (DS) area as a test case to study the effect of moderate stressors on the cutaneous tissue because of the unique combinations of moderate stressors in this area. The exceptional location of the DS at an altitude of À438 meters below sea level (the lowest place on earth) is responsible for its rare accumulation of moderate stressors such as high-water salinity, high atmospheric pressure, and unique solar radiation. In this manuscript, we hypothesized that the unique solar radiation in the DS area generates moderate oxidative stress in the skin leading to the induction of intracellular electrophiles, which in turn can activate the protecting Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. We showed that exposure of human skin organ culture from the same donor to solar radiation at the DS resulted in significant activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, induction of phase II enzymes, and lower apoptotic activity compared to a nearby location at a higher altitude (Jerusalem +700 m). This remarkable effect of activating the Nrf2 protecting pathway and the importance and characteristics of the solar irradiation at the DS is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Comparison Of Cell Integrity Following Exposure To Solar Rad...mentioning

confidence: 77%

Cutaneous Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway modulation by environmental factors: The Dead Sea area as a test case

Cohen

Portugal-Cohen

Oron³

et al. 2022

BioFactors

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“…Conversely, extrinsic aging refers to all aging caused by environmental exposure, lifestyle, and habits. Exposure to sunlight and pollution, tobacco consumption, diet, excessive stress, lack of sleep and exercise are considered aggravating factors for aging [ 28 ]. Among these factors, exposure to UV radiation is one of the main contributors to the aging process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Guided Optimization of Cystoseira abies-marina Cosmeceuticals Extraction by Advanced Technologies

et al. 2022

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Cystoseira abies-marina (reclassified as Gongolaria abies-marina) is a brown seaweed species rich in meroterpenoids, presenting interesting antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there is still a lot to uncover regarding the bioactive potential of this species, as evidenced by the lack of records of antiaging activities from Cystoseira abies-marina, making this macroalga an excellent candidate for studies of its cosmeceutical potential. Ultrasound-(UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) are advanced sustainable technologies that are very efficient in enhancing bioactive compound extraction. Applying these extraction techniques to a new biological matrix often calls for optimizing the parameters toward the best extraction yield. Since Cystoseira abies-marina is a new matrix for both UAE and MAE techniques, the present work proposes the optimization of the extraction process, using a novel approach: instead of only focusing on increasing the yield, the goal of this work is to determine the parameters for UAE and MAE that lead to extracts with better antiaging activities. For this bio-guided approach, several Cystoseira abies-marina extracts were prepared by UAE and MAE under varying conditions of solvent, time, and algae/solvent ratios. Their antiaging activities were then determined, and all the results combined to unveil the conditions yielding extracts with higher cosmeceutical potential. Using statistical tools, it was found that, for UAE, the best conditions were ethyl acetate, 15 min, and a ratio of 1:4, which led to an extract with high yield, and causing the strong inhibition of tyrosinase and elastase. In turn, ethanol, 10 min, and a ratio of 1:4 were the best conditions for MAE, leading to the extract with the best antioxidant activity. The results show that the proposed bio-guided approach was effective in obtaining extracts with high cosmeceutical potential, unveiling the possibility of modulating an extract’s activity by changing the extraction method.

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“…These findings highlight the need for dermocosmetics containing antioxidants to combat the effects of pollution and not just sun protection factors 15,16 . Recent reviews on research findings and updated approaches to environmental or atmospheric aging highlight the importance of photoprotection, antioxidants, chelating agents, and DNA repair enzymes 17,18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross‐sectional epidemiological study conducted in Argentina to evaluate the impact of the exposome on skin aging

Claros,

Lequio,

Cheli

et al. 2023

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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BackgroundSkin aging is a gradual cumulative process that may be accelerated by various exposome factors.AimsTo investigate associations between exposome factors and facial skin aging in 11 locations in Argentina.Patients/MethodsAn observational, cross‐sectional study with assessments by exposome questionnaire, Glogau photoaging classification from I to IV, AI‐based algorithm analysis of 7 skin aging signs, and SCINEXA score.ResultsOf 1346 participants, most were women (82%), aged 31–50 years (62%), of skin phototype III (52%), and living in urban areas (94%). The Glogau skin age was higher than the chronological age for 28% of overall participants, 36% of men, and 45% of participants from Ciudad de Buenos Aires versus 12% from Jujuy (p < 0.001).Being male (OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.18–2.13), exposed to agrochemicals (OR = 1.59: 95% CI 1.01–2.51), of lower socioeconomic levels (OR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.32–3.21) and doing outdoor physical activity (OR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.00–1.76) increased the risk for premature aging. Odds decreased with high daily intake of water (OR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.59–0.97), daily dermocosmetic use (moisturizers [OR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.55–0.94], cleansers [OR = 0.53; CI 95% 0.42–0.67], retinoids [OR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.39–0.95]), and antiaging treatments (OR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.57–0.97).ConclusionsSome exposome factors increased the risk for premature skin aging (physical outdoor activity, exposure to agrochemicals), while others were protective factors (high water intake, antiaging treatments, use of dermocosmetics). Locations with higher pollution levels had more premature skin aging.

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Ultraviolet Light Protection: Is It Really Enough?

Cited by 25 publications

References 203 publications

Cutaneous Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway modulation by environmental factors: The Dead Sea area as a test case

Cutaneous Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway modulation by environmental factors: The Dead Sea area as a test case

Bio-Guided Optimization of Cystoseira abies-marina Cosmeceuticals Extraction by Advanced Technologies

A cross‐sectional epidemiological study conducted in Argentina to evaluate the impact of the exposome on skin aging

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