Ultraviolet light-assisted domain inversion in magnesium-doped lithium niobate crystals

Wengler, Marc; Heinemeyer, U.; Soergel, E.; Buse, K.

doi:10.1063/1.2058184

Cited by 60 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…In comparison, our experimental conditions contained very high concentration of proteins and the sticky fibrinogen leads to a rapid formation of a proteinaceous overlayer that was found to be independent of the polarization. While the adsorption of molecules on polarized surfaces seems to be quite complex, the general notion that molecular interaction with the surfaces might depend on the fields present is supported by the observation that in the region of the ferroelectric domain boundaries the photo-reduction rate of AgNO 3 , HAuCl 4 , Pt (NO 3 ) 2 and other compunds is increased [23,[36][37][38][39]. In addition it was found that nanowires of pure Ag, Au and Pt were grown along the predefined 180 0 ferroelectric domain walls on c-cut congruent LiNbO 3 Less was so far known on interaction of cells with patterned, polarized substrates.…”

Section: Christophis Et Al Biointerphases 2013 8:27mentioning

confidence: 75%

Adherent cells avoid polarization gradients on periodically poled LiTaO3 ferroelectrics

et al. 2013

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The response of fibroblast cells to periodically poled LiTaO3 ferroelectric crystals has been studied. While fibroblast cells do not show morphological differences on the two polarization directions, they show a tendency to avoid the field gradients that occur between polarization domains of the ferroelectric. The response to the field gradients is fully established after one hour, a time at which fibroblasts form their first focal contacts. If suspension cells, with a lower tendency to establish strong surface contacts are used, no influence of the field gradients is observed.

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Section: Christophis Et Al Biointerphases 2013 8:27mentioning

confidence: 75%

Adherent cells avoid polarization gradients on periodically poled LiTaO3 ferroelectrics

et al. 2013

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“…Standard masks can be made thinner yielding smaller structures. The similarity between UV illumination and ion exposure has been discovered before: both treatments yield a significant reduction of the coercive field E C [8,10,25], which implies that changes in the electronic structure of the material are crucial for the poling dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-damage-assisted ferroelectric domain structuring in magnesium-doped lithium niobate

et al. 2009

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Irradiation of 5% magnesium-doped lithium niobate crystals (LiNbO 3 :Mg) with high-energy, low-mass 3 He ions, which are transmitted through the crystal, changes the domain reversal properties of the material. This enables easier domain engineering compared to non-irradiated material and assists the formation of small-sized periodically poled domains in LiNbO 3 :Mg. Periodic domain structures exhibiting a width of ≈520 nm are obtained in radiation-damaged sections of the crystals. The ferroelectric poling behavior between irradiated and non-treated material is compared.PACS 78.20 · 42.65

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“…[6][7][8][9] In this paper, however, a different effect is presented whereby illumination of the +z face with UV light at = 244 nm ͑with photon energy greater than the LN band gap͒ inhibits domain inversion in illuminated areas during subsequent electric field poling ͑EFP͒. Of major importance, the inhibited domains are not restricted in their shape or alignment with the crystal x or y axes, hence, arbitrarily shaped domains can be formed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Precision nanoscale domain engineering of lithium niobate via UV laser induced inhibition of poling

Sones

Muir

Ying

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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Continuous wave ultraviolet laser irradiation at = 244 nm on the +z face of undoped and MgO doped congruent lithium niobate single crystals has been observed to inhibit ferroelectric domain inversion. The inhibition occurs directly beneath the illuminated regions, in a depth greater than 100 nm during subsequent electric field poling of the crystal. Domain inhibition was confirmed by both differential domain etching and piezoresponse force microscopy. This effect allows the formation of arbitrarily shaped domains in lithium niobate and forms the basis of a high spatial resolution microstructuring approach when followed by chemical etching. © 2008 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2884185͔ Domain engineering 1,2 of lithium niobate ͑LN͒ is a subject of extensive research and a simple, cheap, and robust method of fabrication of well-defined periodic domaininverted structures on submicron scales is highly desirable. Spatial domain engineering is used for many optical processes in bulk crystals and waveguides and can also allow for the creation of both freestanding 3 and surface relief structures 4 through the differential etching characteristics of the polar z faces of the crystal. If achievable on the submicron scale, surface structuring through differential etching will allow the implementation of a range of interesting applications such as tunable photonic crystals, ridge waveguide lasers, and multifunctional micromachines.Previous work has shown that ultraviolet ͑UV͒ and visible laser light can either directly invert 5 or assist the domain inversion process in LN. [6][7][8][9] In this paper, however, a different effect is presented whereby illumination of the +z face with UV light at = 244 nm ͑with photon energy greater than the LN band gap͒ inhibits domain inversion in illuminated areas during subsequent electric field poling ͑EFP͒. Of major importance, the inhibited domains are not restricted in their shape or alignment with the crystal x or y axes, hence, arbitrarily shaped domains can be formed. Some initial results of this effect and its applicability in the creation of micro/nano structures in LN are presented.A beam from a frequency-doubled Ar-ion laser was focused to a spot size of ϳ2.5 m on the +z or −z face of either an undoped congruent or 5 mol % MgO-doped LN crystal. Positioning and exposure control of the crystal was achieved by a computer-controlled, three-axis stage system coupled with a mechanical shutter.For dynamic exposures, sets of parallel lines were drawn on the z faces of the crystals along the crystallographic x or y directions by moving the stages at speeds ranging from 0.05 to 0.3 mm s −1 . For static exposures, arrays of illuminated spots with identical exposure times, ranging from a few milliseconds to a few tens of seconds, were formed. The separation between the edges of adjacent illuminated spots in the arrays varied from 0 to 6 m which permitted us to verify if any proximity effect existed such as that observed in pulsed laser direct poling 5 where the closest approa...

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Ultraviolet light-assisted domain inversion in magnesium-doped lithium niobate crystals

Cited by 60 publications

References 35 publications

Adherent cells avoid polarization gradients on periodically poled LiTaO3 ferroelectrics

Adherent cells avoid polarization gradients on periodically poled LiTaO3 ferroelectrics

Radiation-damage-assisted ferroelectric domain structuring in magnesium-doped lithium niobate

Precision nanoscale domain engineering of lithium niobate via UV laser induced inhibition of poling

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