Ultraviolet guiding hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Fevrier, Sébastien; Gérôme, F.; Labruyère, Alexis; Beaudou, Benoît; Humbert, Georges; Auguste, Jean‐Louis

doi:10.1364/ol.34.002888

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Kagomé-PCF can also be made effectively single-mode by decreasing the core size until higher-order modes have significantly higher propagation losses than the fundamental mode. A kagomé-PCF with 2 dB/m loss at 355 nm was recently demonstrated, but due to the relatively large core (~30 µm) it was highly multimode [14].In this letter we report the fabrication of a series of kagomé-PCFs with core diameters of ~20 µm. The transmission loss was measured at 280 nm using the cut-back technique, and the output beam quality evaluated under varying in-coupling conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Damage-free single-mode transmission of deep-UV light in hollow-core PCF

et al. 2014

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Transmission of UV light with high beam quality and pointing stability is desirable for many experiments in atomic, molecular and optical physics. In particular, laser cooling and coherent manipulation of trapped ions with transitions in the UV require stable, single-mode light delivery. Transmitting even ~2 mW CW light at 280 nm through silica solid-core fibers has previously been found to cause transmission degradation after just a few hours due to optical damage. We show that photonic crystal fiber of the kagomé type can be used for effectively single-mode transmission with acceptable loss and bending sensitivity. No transmission degradation was observed even after >100 hours of operation with 15 mW CW input power. In addition it is shown that implementation of the fiber in a trapped ion experiment significantly increases the coherence times of the internal state transfer due to an increase in beam pointing stability. IntroductionStandard solid-core silica optical fibers are ideal for low-loss delivery of singletransverse-mode beams from the visible to the infrared spectral range. There are, however, a number of applications in which single-mode delivery of ultraviolet (UV) light by fiber would be highly desirable. For example, experiments on coherent manipulation of trapped ions for precision spectroscopy and optical clocks [1-6], quantum information processing [7,8] and trapped ion simulators [9,10] all require good beam quality and pointing stability, which is normally precisely what single-mode optical fibers can provide. For these applications a loss of a few dB/m is acceptable so long as the transmission remains single-mode and stable over time. A number of problems arise, however, when using standard optical fibers in the UV. Although single-mode guidance can be maintained (for the same core-cladding index step) simply by reducing the core diameter by the ratio of the wavelengths, or by using an endlessly single-mode solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF), most glasses become highly absorbing in the UV, and furthermore the transmission degrades over time due to UV-induced color center formation and optical damage in the core. For example, Yamamoto et al. found that in a PCF with a solid silica core the transmission dropped by more than 90% after ~4 hours when using 3 mW CW light at 250 nm [11].Recent experiments on nonlinear spectral broadening in gas-filled hollow core kagomé-style PCF have shown that these fibers are able to guide ultrashort pulses of UV light with losses of order 3 dB/m [12] and single-mode beam quality at average powers of ~50 µW [13]. Finite element simulations indicate that the light-in-glass fraction in kagomé-PCF is typically <0.01%, which circumvents the problem of UV-induced longterm damage in the glass. Kagomé-PCF can also be made effectively single-mode by decreasing the core size until higher-order modes have significantly higher propagation losses than the fundamental mode. A kagomé-PCF with 2 dB/m loss at 355 nm was recently demonstrated, but due to the rel...

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Damage-free single-mode transmission of deep-UV light in hollow-core PCF

et al. 2014

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“…Owing to the pressure-tunable normal dispersion landscape of the "fiber + gas" system in the ultraviolet, higher-order anti-Stokes bands are generated preferentially in higher-order fiber modes. The results pave the way towards tunable fiber-based sources of deep-and vacuum ultraviolet light for applications in, e.g., spectroscopy and biomedicine.Fiber delivery and frequency conversion in the ultraviolet are topics of much current interest [1,2].Step-index fibers with pure silica cores have proven unsuitable because their performance dramatically falls over time due to colorcenter-related optical damage, unless they are hydrogen loaded [3]. Recent alternatives such as fluoride fibers [4] partially resolve this problem, extending the usable wavelength range into the deep ultraviolet (DUV).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Fiber delivery and frequency conversion in the ultraviolet are topics of much current interest [1,2].…”

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confidence: 99%

Generation of a vacuum ultraviolet to visible Raman frequency comb in H_2-filled kagomé photonic crystal fiber

et al. 2016

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We report the generation of a purely vibrational Raman comb, extending from the vacuum ultraviolet (184 nm) to the visible (478 nm), in hydrogen-filled kagomé-style photonic crystal fiber pumped at 266 nm. Stimulated Raman scattering and molecular modulation processes are enhanced by higher Raman gain in the ultraviolet. Owing to the pressure-tunable normal dispersion landscape of the "fiber + gas" system in the ultraviolet, higher-order anti-Stokes bands are generated preferentially in higher-order fiber modes. The results pave the way towards tunable fiber-based sources of deep-and vacuum ultraviolet light for applications in, e.g., spectroscopy and biomedicine.Fiber delivery and frequency conversion in the ultraviolet are topics of much current interest [1,2].Step-index fibers with pure silica cores have proven unsuitable because their performance dramatically falls over time due to colorcenter-related optical damage, unless they are hydrogen loaded [3]. Recent alternatives such as fluoride fibers [4] partially resolve this problem, extending the usable wavelength range into the deep ultraviolet (DUV). Kagomé-style hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (kagomé-PCF) is excellent alternative, offering a very low light-glass overlap [5]. It has been used for stable long-term transmission of continuous-wave 280 nm DUV light [6]. Kagomé-PCFs also offer very broad spectral transmission windows, and when gas-filled provide an ideal system for nonlinear generation of light at many different wavelengths. For example, when pumped at near infrared wavelengths, broadband DUV and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light has been generated in gasfilled kagomé-PCF [7,8].In this Letter, we discuss the first frequency-conversion scheme involving a H2-filled kagomé-PCF pumped at 266 nm. Taking advantage of the high Raman gain of H2 in the ultraviolet (about 3 times larger than at 532 nm [9]), we generate a purely vibrational Raman comb extending from the VUV (184 nm) to the visible (478 nm) via stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and molecular modulation [10][11][12][13]. The short-wavelength bands extend further into the VUV than in previous experiments using H2-filled kagomé-PCF with narrow-band pump lasers [14,15]. Moreover, the narrow Raman gain bandwidth, together with a narrow-band pump, results in Raman sidebands with high spectral power density-a distinct advantage over broadband sources, when it is necessary to use filters (not always available in the DUV and VUV) to select spectral bands. The system demonstrated here is very compact compared to free-space arrangements [16] and its potential tunability using different Raman-active gases makes it ideal for applications such as high-resolution spectroscopy, metrology and biology.In SRS a relatively strong pump pulse scatters off the molecules in the medium giving rise to a lower energy Stokes signal. The beat note of the pump and Stokes signals excites a Raman-active mode of the molecule (in our system, the fundamental vibrational mode of H2 with ΩR/2π ~ 125 THz). This process is acco...

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“…In [36] a single mode photonic crystal fiber with inner core ≈ 20 µm and loss ≈ 0.8 dB/m at the wavelength 280 nm was demonstrated. In [35] a multimode hollow core fiber with inner core diameter ≈ 25 µm and loss ≈ 2 dB/m at wavelength 355 nm and loss of ≈ 0.4 dB/m at the wavelength 250 nm was designed. The ability to design similar waveguides for the UV range has been announced [35].…”

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“…In [35] a multimode hollow core fiber with inner core diameter ≈ 25 µm and loss ≈ 2 dB/m at wavelength 355 nm and loss of ≈ 0.4 dB/m at the wavelength 250 nm was designed. The ability to design similar waveguides for the UV range has been announced [35].…”

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Feasibility of an optical fiber clock

2017

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We explore the feasibility of a fiber clock, a compact high-precision optical lattice atomic clock based on atoms trapped inside hollow core optical fiber. Such setup offers an intriguing potential for both substantially increased number of interrogated atoms and miniaturization. We evaluate the sensitivity of the 1 S0-3 P0 clock transition in Hg and other divalent atoms to the fiber inner core surface at non-zero temperatures. The Casimir-Polder interaction induced 1 S0-3 P0 transition frequency shift is calculated for the atom inside the hollow capillary as a function of atomic position, capillary material, and geometric parameters. For Hg atoms on the axis of a silica capillary with inner radius ≥ 15 µm and optimally chosen thickness d ∼ 1 µm, the atom-surface interaction induced 1 S0-3 P0 clock transition frequency shift can be kept on the level δν/νHg ∼ 10 −19 . We also estimate the atom loss and heating due to the collisions with the buffer gas, lattice intensity noise induced heating, spontaneous photon scattering, and residual birefringence induced frequency shifts.

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Ultraviolet guiding hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Damage-free single-mode transmission of deep-UV light in hollow-core PCF

Damage-free single-mode transmission of deep-UV light in hollow-core PCF

Generation of a vacuum ultraviolet to visible Raman frequency comb in H_2-filled kagomé photonic crystal fiber

Feasibility of an optical fiber clock

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