Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation in tap water contaminated by Aspergillus spp.

Sisti, Maurizio; Schiavano, Giuditta Fiorella; Santi, Mauro De; Brandi, Giorgio

doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2017.58.4.777

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…Once the ball float seals the flushing tube, the water continues into French drain and basket filters and then into a cistern. Parallel on-demand pumps push water towards the house where it is processed through a sediment filter, charcoal regeneration system, and ultraviolet light, which is an effective method for inactivating pathogens through irradiation [85].…”

Section: Rainwater Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Residential Building Considerations for Rural Areas: A Case Study

Fulton

Beauvais

Brooks

et al. 2020

Land

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Intelligent use of rural residential land and sustainable construction is inexorably linked to cost; however, options exist that are eco-friendly and have a positive return on investment. In 2011, a research residence was built to evaluate various land-use and sustainable components. This Texas house has subsequently been used for both residential and research purposes. The purpose of this case study was to evaluate break-even construction considerations, to assess environmental impacts, and to evaluate qualitatively efficacy of sustainable options incorporated in the research residence. Some of the specific components discussed are home site placement (directional positioning); materiel acquisition (transportation); wood product minimization; rainwater harvesting; wastewater management; grid-tied solar array power; electric car charging via a solar array; geothermal heating and cooling; insulation selection; windows, fixtures, and appliance selection; and on-demand electric water heaters for guest areas. This study seeks to identify the impact of proper land use and sustainable techniques on the environment and return-on-investment in rural areas. Break-even and 15-year Net Present Value (NPV) analysis at 3% and 5% cost of capital were used to evaluate traditional construction, partially sustainable construction, and fully sustainable construction options for the case study house, which was built sustainably. The additional cost of sustainable construction is estimated at $54,329. At 3%, the analysis suggests a 15-year NPV of $334,355 (traditional) versus $250,339 million (sustainable) for a difference of $84K. At 5% cost of capital, that difference falls to $63K. The total estimated annual difference in carbon emissions is 4.326 million g/CO2e for this research residence. The results indicate that good choices for quick return-on-investment in rural construction would be the use of engineered lumber, Icynene foam, and Energy Star windows and doors. Medium-term options include photovoltaic systems (PVS) capable of powering the home and an electric car. Sustainable construction options should positively affect the environment and the pocketbook. Regulations and code should require adoption of short-range, break-even sustainable solutions in residential construction.

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Section: Rainwater Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Residential Building Considerations for Rural Areas: A Case Study

Fulton

Beauvais

Brooks

et al. 2020

Land

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Swimming Pool Worker Dermatoses

Hussain,

Blank,

Cohen

2024

Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology

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Aspergillus niger Spores Are Highly Resistant to Space Radiation

et al. 2020

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The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is one of the main contaminants of the International Space Station (ISS). It forms highly pigmented, airborne spores that have thick cell walls and low metabolic activity, enabling them to withstand harsh conditions and colonize spacecraft surfaces. Whether A. niger spores are resistant to space radiation, and to what extent, is not yet known. In this study, spore suspensions of a wild-type and three mutant strains (with defects in pigmentation, DNA repair, and polar growth control) were exposed to X-rays, cosmic radiation (helium-and iron-ions) and UV-C (254 nm). To assess the level of resistance and survival limits of fungal spores in a long-term interplanetary mission scenario, we tested radiation doses up to 1000 Gy and 4000 J/m 2. For comparison, a 360-day round-trip to Mars yields a dose of 0.66 ± 0.12 Gy. Overall, wild-type spores of A. niger were able to withstand high doses of X-ray (LD 90 = 360 Gy) and cosmic radiation (helium-ion LD 90 = 500 Gy; and ironion LD 90 = 100 Gy). Drying the spores before irradiation made them more susceptible toward X-ray radiation. Notably, A. niger spores are highly resistant to UV-C radiation (LD 90 = 1038 J/m 2), which is significantly higher than that of other radiation-resistant microorganisms (e.g., Deinococcus radiodurans). In all strains, UV-C treated spores (1000 J/m 2) were shown to have decreased biofilm formation (81% reduction in wildtype spores). This study suggests that A. niger spores might not be easily inactivated by exposure to space radiation alone and that current planetary protection guidelines should be revisited, considering the high resistance of fungal spores.

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Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation in tap water contaminated by Aspergillus spp.

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Sustainable Residential Building Considerations for Rural Areas: A Case Study

Sustainable Residential Building Considerations for Rural Areas: A Case Study

Swimming Pool Worker Dermatoses

Aspergillus niger Spores Are Highly Resistant to Space Radiation

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