Ultraviolet A and B affect human melanocytes and keratinocytes differently. A study of oxidative alterations and apoptosis

Larsson, Petra K.; Andersson, Eva; Johansson, Uno; Öllinger, Karin; Rosdahl, Inger

doi:10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.00238.x

Cited by 55 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Piceatannol has previously been reported to increase the GSH level in B16 melanoma cells, 27) while UVB irradiation have no effect on the GSH level in melanocytes. 28) Our finding that GSH levels increased in keratinocytes is important for UV protection in skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The Protective Effects of Piceatannol from Passion Fruit (<i>Passiflora edulis</i>) Seeds in UVB-Irradiated Keratinocytes

Maruki‐Uchida

Kurita

Sugiyama

et al. 2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The use of naturally occurring botanicals with substantial antioxidant activity to prevent photoageing is receiving increasing attention. We have previously identified piceatannol and scirpusin B, which is a dimer of piceatannol, as strong antioxidants that are present in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds. In the present study, the effects of passion fruit seed extract, piceatannol, and scirpusin B on human keratinocytes were investigated. The passion fruit seed extract and piceatannol upregulated the glutathione (GSH) levels in keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that piceatannol is an active component of the passion fruit seed extract in keratinocytes. The pretreatment with piceatannol also supressed the UVB-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the keratinocytes. In addition, the transfer of the medium from the UVBirradiated keratinocytes to non-irradiated fibroblasts enhanced matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 activity, and this MMP-1 induction was reduced when the keratinocytes were pretreated with piceatannol. These results suggest that piceatannol attenuates the UVB-induced activity of MMP-1 along with a reduction of ROS generation in keratinocytes. Thus, piceatannol and passion fruit seed extract containing high amounts of piceatannol are potential anti-photoageing cosmetic ingredients.Key words piceatannol; passion fruit seed; keratinocyte; ultraviolet; reactive oxygen species; matrix-metalloproteinase Solar UV irradiation damages human skin causing it to age prematurely, a process referred to as photoageing, and to develop the characteristics of thickened epidermis and increased melanogenesis.1-3) In contrast, intrinsic (chronological) ageing is characterised by skin atrophy accompanied by a loss of elasticity and reduced metabolic activity. [4][5][6][7][8] A hallmark of photoageing is the disorganisation of collagen, the major structural component of the skin. Collagen is produced mainly by dermal fibroblasts and is degraded by the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that are secreted by various cells, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells.2,8,9) UV irradiation, particularly UVB (290-320 nm) and UVA (315-400 nm), induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in the fibroblasts, which is mainly responsible for the degradation of the dermal collagen in the ageing process of human skin. Therefore, UV-induced MMP-1 is considered to contribute substantially to the connective tissue damage that causes severe collagen deficiency and wrinkling during photoageing.2,8) Although keratinocytes do not produce MMP-1 in response to UVB irradiation, damaged epidermal keratinocytes indirectly play important roles in the release of MMP-1. It has been reported that the culture medium of UVB-irradiated keratinocytes stimulates MMP-1 release from fibroblasts more efficiently than the direct irradiation of the fibroblasts. 10,11)The primary mechanism by which UV irradiation initiates molecular responses in human skin is through the photochromic genera...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The Protective Effects of Piceatannol from Passion Fruit (<i>Passiflora edulis</i>) Seeds in UVB-Irradiated Keratinocytes

Maruki‐Uchida

Kurita

Sugiyama

et al. 2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Primary keratinocytes were obtained from foreskin circumcisions of fair-skinned donors (0-2 years of age), and pure cultures of keratinocytes were established and cultured as previously described (Andersson et al, 2001;Larsson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Cell Culture and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysosomal exocytosis and caspase-8 mediated apoptosis in UVA-irradiated keratinocytes

Appelqvist¹,

Wäster²,

Eriksson³

et al. 2013

Journal of Cell Science

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SummaryUltraviolet (UV) irradiation is a major environmental carcinogen involved in the development of skin cancer. To elucidate the initial signaling during UV-induced damage in human keratinocytes, we investigated lysosomal exocytosis and apoptosis induction. UVA, but not UVB, induced plasma membrane damage, which was repaired by Ca 2+ -dependent lysosomal exocytosis. The lysosomal exocytosis resulted in extracellular release of cathepsin D and acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase). Two hours after UVA irradiation, we detected activation of caspase-8, which was reduced by addition of anti-aSMAse. Furthermore, caspase-8 activation and apoptosis was reduced by prevention of endocytosis and by the use of cathepsin inhibitors. We conclude that lysosomal exocytosis is part of the keratinocyte response to UVA and is followed by cathepsin-dependent activation of caspase-8. The findings have implications for the understanding of UV-induced skin damage and emphasize that UVA and UVB initiate apoptosis through different signaling pathways in keratinocytes.

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“…As extensive UV radiation causes melanocytes to undergo apoptosis (35,36), we further studied the effects of Ref-1 on cell viability with UVB radiation. After seeding into plates overnight, primary normal melanocytes were infected by Adhgal and Adref-1, respectively, for 16 hours (200 MOI).…”

Section: Elevated Ape/ref-1 Expression Levels In Human Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in the expression of the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE/Ref-1) in human melanoma and identification of the therapeutic potential of resveratrol as an APE/Ref-1 inhibitor

Yang

Irani

Heffron

et al. 2005

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

131

110

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Ultraviolet A and B affect human melanocytes and keratinocytes differently. A study of oxidative alterations and apoptosis

Cited by 55 publications

References 38 publications

The Protective Effects of Piceatannol from Passion Fruit (<i>Passiflora edulis</i>) Seeds in UVB-Irradiated Keratinocytes

The Protective Effects of Piceatannol from Passion Fruit (<i>Passiflora edulis</i>) Seeds in UVB-Irradiated Keratinocytes

Lysosomal exocytosis and caspase-8 mediated apoptosis in UVA-irradiated keratinocytes

Alterations in the expression of the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE/Ref-1) in human melanoma and identification of the therapeutic potential of resveratrol as an APE/Ref-1 inhibitor

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