Ultratrace determination of highly hydrophilic compounds by 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl chloroformate-mediated derivatization directly in water

Comparison of highly-fluorinated chloroformates as direct aqueous sample derivatizing agents for hydrophilic analytes and drinking-water disinfection by-products

“…ously published [16], the reaction media contains about 7% of organic solvent, either pentane or acetone. While the latter has virtually no impact on the derivatization efficiency, the presence of n-pentane proved detrimental for the most polar analytes (i.e., hydroxylamine, tartaric acid, 2-aminoethanol), in terms of detection limits (up to 15 times lower) and reproducibility (the standard deviation of repeated derivatizations could exceed 40%).…”

“…To overcome this drawback and improve sensitivity, we set out to synthesize highly-fluorinated alkyl and aryl chloroformates [16,17] for the derivatization and detection (by ECNI-MS) of a large variety of highly polar compounds.…”

“…The structures of these reagents are reported in Scheme 1. OFPCF and PFBCF had been successfully used in the past [16,19,20], while TDFOCF and PFPECF were selected in the present study since the longer hydrocarbon spacer located between their reactive chloroformate group and the fluorinated moiety (Scheme 1) was expected to increase their intrinsic stability. Finally, the applicability of one of these reagents (OFPCF) was demonstrated by identifying ozone DBPs in simulated drinking water.…”

Simple and sensitive determination of hydrazine in drinking water by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dialdehyde

“…Specifically, gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are typically used for the determination of hydrazine in water. GC methods for hydrazine have been developed using electron capture detection [21], nitrogen-selective detection [22,23], flame-ionization detection [24], mass spectrometry (MS) [23,[25][26][27], and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) [19,28]. HPLC methods have also been developed using diode array detection [20,[29][30][31] and fluorescence detection [32][33][34][35].…”

“…In GC, derivatization reagents, such as acetone [19], pentafluorobenzaldehyde [21,23], benzaldehyde [22], ethyl chloroformate [24], n-hexyl chloroformate [25], octafluoropentylchloroformate [26], ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) [27], and propyl chloroformate [28], have been used. However, these GC methods require additional extraction and concentration steps after derivatization.…”