Ultratough Artificial Nacre Based on Conjugated Cross‐linked Graphene Oxide

Cheng, Qunfeng; Wu, Mengxi; Li, Mingzhu; Jiang, Lei; Tang, Zhiyong

doi:10.1002/anie.201210166

Cited by 287 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Cheng et al [77] reported that GO nanosheets could be grafted covalently by the long-chain linear molecule PCDO, and the PCDO molecules were crosslinked with each other under UV irradiation. The resultant rGO-PCDO artificial nacre demonstrated an improved toughness reaching up to 3.9 MJ m −3 , which corresponds to 117% improvement compared with pure GO paper.…”

Section: Wwwadvmatde Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Nanocomposites Inspired by Nature

2017

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Over the eons of evolutionary time, natural materials, including nacre, bone, lobster cuticle, and many others, developed delicate multiscale structures demonstrating outstanding properties. These natural materials provide endless inspiration for the fabrication of novel bioinspired structural materials. Extensive research has revealed the mechanism responsible for natural materials' properties and shows that high-performance structural materials could be fabricated via bioinspired strategies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] With the quest to develop novel bioinspired materials, it is essential to refine some basic scientific principles that can guide bioinspired fabrication.Recent research has indicated that the amplification of natural materials' mechanical properties far beyond those of the components that comprise them originates mainly from: i) a hierarchical micro-/nanoscale architecture and ii) abundant effective interface interactions. Here, we follow the roadmap of "discovery, invention, and creation," as shown in Figure 1, to give insight into the development of bioinspired structural materials. In the "discovery" section, natural materials are described as a source of inspiration. Bioinspired nanocomposites can be invented to mimic or even to surpass natural materials' attributes, as described in the "invention" section. We illustrate how the basic principles could work for bioinspired nanocomposites with different building blocks and fabrication approaches. Finally, in the "creation" section, we review novel multifunctional nanocomposites with properties that natural materials rarely possess. To provide a vision and inspiration for future research, we conclude with our perspectives on new and promising directions in the field, along with problems remaining to be solved. Discovery: Natural Materials Orderly Hierarchical ArchitecturesNatural materials are made at ambient temperatures from a relatively small number of ingredients that exhibit rather meager properties. Almost all of them are composites with orderly hierarchical architectures that arrest crack propagation, thus preventing catastrophic failure. Insight into the architecture of a typical natural material is the key to understanding the superiority of the biomimetic strategy for making novel synthetic materials.Natural materials, including nacre, bone, and the lobster cuticle, exhibit excellent mechanical properties, combining high strength and toughness. Such materials have the added benefit of being light in weight. These advantageous features are due to such natural materials' orderly hierarchical architectures and abundant interface interactions. How to utilize these design principles created by nature to fabricate high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites remains a great research challenge. A logical roadmap for developing these nanocomposites can be described as "discovery, invention, and creation." Here, the discovery of the relationship between natural materials' design principles and such materials' extraordinary mechanical proper...

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Section: Wwwadvmatde Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Nanocomposites Inspired by Nature

2017

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“…[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96] Vacuum filtration was used to rapidly self-assemble GO/gellan gum into aligned nacre-like films. The produced films were strong and flexible.…”

Section: Gellan Gum Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[71,102] Therefore, GO/gelatin hydrogels were only suggested for soft tissue engineering applications such as cardiac patches and muscle tissue engineering. [47,93,157] Hydrogels with a higher stiffness are suggested for load-bearing applications such as EDDET crosslinked GO/PVA hydrogels. [135] …”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide/Polymer‐Based Biomaterials

2017

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Since its discovery in 2004, derivatives of graphene have been developed and heavily investigated in the field of tissue engineering. Among the most extensively studied forms of graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and GO/ polymer-based nanocomposites have attracted great attention in various forms such as films, 3D porous scaffolds, electrospun mats, hydrogels, and nacre-like structures. In this review, the most actively investigated GO/ polymer nanocomposites are presented and discussed, these nanocomposites are based on chitosan, cellulose, starch, alginate, gellan gum, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(acrylamide), poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), gelatin, collagen, and silk fibroin (SF). The biological and mechanical performance of such nanocomposites are comprehensively scrutinized and ongoing research questions are addressed. The analysis of the literature reveals overall the great potential of GO/ polymer nanocomposites in tissue engineering strategies and indicates also a series of challenges requiring further research efforts.

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“…Many processing techniques have been proposed to produce nacre-like and other bioinspired materials, such as layer-bylayer deposition, [6,7] filtration, [8][9][10] evaporation, [11] electrophoretic deposition, [12] hydrogel casting, [13][14][15] doctor blading, [16,17] slip casting, [18] and many others. Most of these techniques are time-consuming and size-limiting processes, and not feasible for practical materials production.…”

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confidence: 99%

Freeze Casting for Assembling Bioinspired Structural Materials

2017

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Nature is very successful in designing strong and tough, lightweight materials. Examples include seashells, bone, teeth, fish scales, wood, bamboo, silk, and many others. A distinctive feature of all these materials is that their properties are far superior to those of their constituent phases. Many of these natural materials are lamellar or layered in nature. With its “brick and mortar” structure, nacre is an example of a layered material that exhibits extraordinary physical properties. Finding inspiration in living organisms to create bioinspired materials is the subject of intensive research. Several processing techniques have been proposed to design materials mimicking natural materials, such as layer‐by‐layer deposition, self‐assembly, electrophoretic deposition, hydrogel casting, doctor blading, and many others. Freeze casting, also known as ice‐templating, is a technique that has received considerable attention in recent years to produce bioinspired bulk materials. Here, recent advances in the freeze‐casting technique are reviewed for fabricating lamellar scaffolds by assembling different dimensional building blocks, including nanoparticles, polymer chains, nanofibers, and nanosheets. These lamellar scaffolds are often infiltrated by a second phase, typically a soft polymer matrix, a hard ceramic matrix, or a metal matrix. The unique architecture of the resultant bioinspired structural materials displays excellent mechanical properties. The challenges of the current research in using the freeze‐casting technique to create materials large enough to be useful are also discussed, and the technique's promise for fabricating high‐performance nacre‐inspired structural materials in the future is reviewed.

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Ultratough Artificial Nacre Based on Conjugated Cross‐linked Graphene Oxide

Cited by 287 publications

References 71 publications

High‐Performance Nanocomposites Inspired by Nature

High‐Performance Nanocomposites Inspired by Nature

Graphene Oxide/Polymer‐Based Biomaterials

Freeze Casting for Assembling Bioinspired Structural Materials

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