Ultrathin δ-MnO2 nanosheets branched onto N-doped carbon nanotubes as binder-free cathode electrodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries with a high areal capacity

Cobalt-doped δ-MnO2/CNT composites as cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

“…The average oxidation states of Mn in δ-MnO 2 , Co-MnO 2 and Co-MnO 2 /CNTs are calculated to be 3.48, 3.40 and 3.39, respectively (based on eqn (S1)†). 33 The Co 2p spectra (Fig. 3d) consist of two peaks that can be deconvoluted into Co 2+ (2p 1/2 798.4 eV, 2p 3/2 783.4 eV) and Co 3+ (2p 1/2 796.3 eV, 2p 3/2 780.5 eV), which indicate the coexistence of Co 2+ and Co 3+ in Co-MnO 2 /CNTs.…”

Sodium ion-stabilized 2 × 4 tunnel manganese oxide nanorods as cathodes for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries

“…The Raman characteristic peaks in Na-birnessite are sharper than the Mn–O characteristic peaks in Na 0.4 MnO 2 because of the unique tunneling structure. 38 Fig. 3c shows the thermogravimetric curve (TGA) of Na 0.4 MnO 2 .…”

Recent development in addressing challenges and implementing strategies for manganese dioxide cathodes in aqueous zinc ion batteries

“…This protective film can block the entry of oxygen, moisture, and other harmful substances. Also, surface coating methods can effectively inhibit the dissolution of the cathode material and shield the electrostatic interaction between guest ions [91,116] .…”