Ultrathin thermoresponsive self-folding 3D graphene

Xu, Weinan; Qin, Zhao; Chen, Chun-Teh; Kwag, Hye Rin; Ma, Qingxia; Sarkar, Anjishnu; Buehler, Markus J.; Gracias, David H.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701084

Cited by 156 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The nanoscrolls could also hybridize with additional functional materials. Furthermore, by integrating 2D materials with thermoresponsive layers, complex 3D self‐folded mesostructures could be formed with reversible deformation …”

Section: Release Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rolled‐up Nanotechnology: Materials Issue and Geometry Capability

Huang

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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chemical vapor deposition (CVD). When it comes to on-chip integrations, these strategies are limited by accessible materials and slow processing rate, [31] and the generated defects in the produced amorphous materials placed restrictions to its further applications in high-performance devices. [32] Therefore, novel approaches and methods of fabricating 3D micro/ nanostructures are highly demanded.Rolled-up nanotechnology is an alternative technique that fabricates 3D nanostructures out of planar films called nanomembranes. Nanomembranes are defined as planar thin films with thicknesses between one to a few hundred nanometers. [33] These nanomembrane materials behave like soft materials while maintaining excellent properties like their bulk counterpart and therefore is an ideal platform for fabricating 3D nanostructures. Inspired by concepts of origami and kirigami, [34][35][36][37] researchers folded and rolled these nanomembranes into a number of fascinating 3D structures. [17,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Several review articles have been published with emphasis on nanomembranes thinning and manufacture, mechanical deformation, fundamental studies, and their practical applications. [33,41,[45][46][47] By releasing strain-engineered planar functional nanomembranes on sacrificial layers, complex rolled-up structures including tubes, [48][49][50][51][52][53][54] rings, [54][55][56] and helices [42,[57][58][59] can be constructed (for instance, see Figure 1f). This approach can be applied to engineer a wide range of organic and inorganic materials and their combinations, including metals, insulators, traditional semiconductor families, and recently emerged 2D materials. Given its compatibility to standard CMOS fabrication process and ability to manufacture large periodic arrays with precise geometric control, rolled-up nanotechnology further expands the applications of 3D nanostructures to a number of areas, including optical resonators, [60,61] photodetectors, [62,63] micromotors, [64][65][66] energy storage, [67] drug delivery, [68] gas detection, [53] and environmental decontamination. [69] The versatility in the materials design and geometric tuning in rolled-up nanotechnology presents tremendous opportunities for further developing sophisticated 3D fine structures.In this review, we focus on the materials perspective and fabrication process of rolled-up nanotechnology. First, we give a brief introduction of rolled-up mechanism, as well as its fabrication techniques and control strategies. We summarize and highlight recent advances of different materials systems and their corresponding rolling methodologies. Second, Rolled-up nanotechnology is an appealing technique that tunes planar films into complex 3D fine structures. The rolling-up mechanism and methodology of a huge variety of materials and their combinations are summarized, including metals, insulators, traditional semiconductor families, polymers, and recently emerged 2D materials. The basic principles of strain induction, fabrication methods, and techni...

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Section: Release Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rolled‐up Nanotechnology: Materials Issue and Geometry Capability

Huang

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Since the first experimental discovery of this material in 2004, graphene, a new class of 2D materials with planar honeycomb arrays, has attracted increasing interest in a wide range of technological fields . Due to the unique thermal and mechanical properties of graphene including 1) high optical density in the IR region, 2) excellent thermal conductivity, 3) great mechanical strength with ultralight weight, and 4) negative CTE graphene is a promising candidate for photothermal and photomechanical actuators.…”

Section: Carbon‐based Soft Materials For Photoresponsive Actuator Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The actuator strip fabricated could be scaled to 3 mm × 12 mm and presented a revisable contracting‐to‐stretching motion under an alternating IR stimulus (10 mW cm −2 ) with excellent cycle behavior repeating for at least 1000 cycles at a quick alternating stimulus of 1 Hz. However, insufficient light‐to‐heat conversion was demonstrated owing to the lower light absorption of white light (≈2.3%) compared with bulk carbon materials (> 80%) …”

Section: Carbon‐based Soft Materials For Photoresponsive Actuator Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoresponsive Actuators Built from Carbon‐Based Soft Materials

Yang

Yuan

Liu

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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Actuations triggered by light strongly depend on the energy density of light, energy conversion efficiency and actuator dimensions. Therefore, understanding the energy-conversion routes is crucial for effective photoresponsive actuations. As illustrated in Table 1, several actuating schemes have been demonstrated in carbon-based soft materials, including indirect light-to-work-conversion with heat energy, electric energy and chemical energy introduced as intermediate energy sources and

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“…[12] mG/ PNIPAm exhibits new characteristic peaks at 1642, 1540, and 1367-1460 cm À1 in the FTIR spectrum compared with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which belong to the absorption of PNIPAm (Figure 1f). [13] TheX RD pattern of mG/ PNIPAm shows two broad peaks at 7.58 8 and 228 8 due to the introduction of PNIPAm (Figure 1g). [9c] Ther GO and mG/ PNIPAm reduced under hydrazine hydrate vapor have high Ocontents of 19.68 %a nd 22.50 %, respectively,w hich were attributed to the abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g.,O À C = O; Figure S2 b, c).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microstructured Graphene/Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Membrane for Intelligent Solar Water Evaporation

et al. 2018

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Intelligent solar water evaporation (iSWE) was achieved with at hermally responsive and microstructured graphene/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (mG/PNIPAm) membrane.A st he solar intensity varies,t he water evaporation is tuned through reversible transformations of microstructures reminiscent of the stomatal opening and closing of leaves. Consequently,t his mG/PNIPAm membrane displays ah igh water evaporation rate change (DWER) of 1.66 kg m À2 h À1 under weak sunlight (intensity < 1sun) and al ow DWER of 0.24 kg m À2 h À1 under intense sunlight (1 sun < intensity < 2sun). Because of the double-layer structure with predictable shape and dynamics,t he leaf-like membrane can further autonomously modulate the water evaporation by self-curling under intense solar irradiation in accordance with simulation results.T his mG/PNIPAm membrane provides as mart material platform with self-adaptability in response to changing environments.Innature,avariety of plants take advantage of solar energy and water for photosynthesis,and equip themselves with selfadaptive functions to survive in various environments. [1] Examples of botanical phenomena include the stomatal opening/closing of plant leaves to regulate the water transpiration rate, [2] cactus leaves degenerating into thorns to adapt to ad esert environment, [3] and the self-curling of leaves of gramineous plants to reduce water loss at summer noon. [4] All of these responses of plants to changing environments play an important role in sustaining life.O nt he other hand, various materials with excellent photothermal conversion have been explored for solar steam generation. [5] However,the development of leaf-like smart materials with self-adaptive functions for intelligent solar water evaporation (iSWE) is challenging and has not been reported thus far.Herein, we explored the iSWE concept by developing at hermally responsive and microstructured graphene/ poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (mG/PNIPAm) membrane that switches itself on and off depending on the intensity of the sunlight irradiation. Thesynergism between the excellent photothermal conversion of graphene and the fast thermal response of PNIPAm provides the mG/PNIPAm membrane with reversibly opening/closing microstructures for iSWE, which is reminiscent of the stomatal opening/closing of natural leaves.A dapting to varying sunlight, the mG/ PNIPAm membrane shows ah igh water evaporation rate change (DWER) of 1.66 kg m À2 h À1 under weak solar irradiation (intensity < 1sun), and al ow DWER of 0.24 kg m À2 h À1 under intense solar irradiation (1 sun < intensity < 2sun). Because of its double-layer leaf or flower structure generated by laser-processing technology,the intelligent membranes can proactively curl or fold themselves to modulate the water loss under intense sunlight. This work demonstrates the concept of iSWE and provides af undamental approach to the development of other intelligent materials that adapt in response to their environment.Stomata are small pores on the surfaces of leaves and stalks,w hich play an i...

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Ultrathin thermoresponsive self-folding 3D graphene

Abstract: Temperature changes induce self-folding of functionalized graphene into well-defined ultrathin 3D microstructures.

Cited by 156 publications

References 60 publications

Rolled‐up Nanotechnology: Materials Issue and Geometry Capability

Rolled‐up Nanotechnology: Materials Issue and Geometry Capability

Photoresponsive Actuators Built from Carbon‐Based Soft Materials

A Microstructured Graphene/Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Membrane for Intelligent Solar Water Evaporation

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