Ultrathin, Stretchable, and Breathable Epidermal Electronics Based on a Facile Bubble Blowing Method

Personal authentication systems employing biometrics are attracting increasing attention owing to their relatively high security compared to existing authentication systems. In this study, a wearable electromyogram (EMG) system that can be worn on the forearm was developed to detect EMG signals and, subsequently, apply them for personal authentication. In previous studies, wet electrodes were attached to the skin for measuring biosignals. Wet electrodes contain adhesives and conductive gels, leading to problems such as skin rash and signal-quality deterioration in long-term measurements. The miniaturized wearable EMG system developed in this study comprised flexible dry electrodes attached to the watch strap, enabling EMG measurements without additional electrodes. In addition, for accurately classifying and applying the measured signal to the personal authentication system, an optimal algorithm for classifying the EMG signals based on a multi-class support vector machine (SVM) model was implemented. The model using cubic SVM achieved the highest personal authentication rate of 87.1%. We confirmed the possibility of implementing a wearable authentication system by measuring the EMG signal and artificial intelligence analysis algorithm presented in this study.

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“…Kim et al [26] developed a stretchable, ultrathin, transparent electronic skin. And the function was tested with ECG sensing and strain sensor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Miniaturized Wearable Wristband Type Surface EMG Measurement System for Biometric Authentication

et al. 2021

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“…Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(ethylene naphthalate) foils process as lightweight as 3 gm ‐2 with the thickness of 1.4 μm, enabling to stand on soap bubbles 47,48 . Due to the gas permeability limitation of the planar substrate, nano network structures by electrospinning gained popularly 24 . The typical gold nanomesh conductor as thin as 70 nm developed by Miyamoto et al 26 showed considerable gas permeability compared with the unencapsulated bottle and weak anaphylaxis on the skin of forearm (Figure 2E).…”

Section: Requirements and Designs For Conformal On‐skin Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conformal electrodes for on‐skin digitalization

Chen

2021

SmartMat

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On‐skin digitalization, streamlining the concept of the “human to device to cyberspace” platform, has attracted great attention due to its vital function in remote medicine and human–cyber interfaces. Beyond traditional rigid electrodes, soft electrodes with conformal and comfortable interfaces are essential for long‐term and high‐fidelity signal acquisition. In addition, the on‐skin data processing systems will get rid of complex cables toward a vision of fascinating form, being lightweight, skin‐friendly and even imperceptible. Although numerous soft materials and devices with mechanical tolerance have been developed, the study of conformal electrodes and on‐skin digital integrated systems are still in infancy. Here, the requirements and designs of conformal electrodes, the emerging opportunities and challenges from multichannel/multifunctional sensors to a whole new on‐skin sensing platform are highlighted.

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“…Generally, there are two strategies to fabricate epidermal electronics. The first method is to fill polymer composites with conductive materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal nanowires [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] , while the other method uses metals with designed structures, including serpentine and accordion bellow shapes [17][18][19] . Metal-based devices take advantage of their electrical conductivity compared with their polymer-based counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable epidermal electronic device with strain isolation induced by in situ Joule heating

Wang

Xia

et al. 2021

Microsyst Nanoeng

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Epidermal electronics play increasingly important roles in human-machine interfaces. However, their efficient fabrication while maintaining device stability and reliability remains an unresolved challenge. Here, a facile in situ Joule heating method is proposed for fabricating stable epidermal electronics on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) substrate. Benefitting from the precise control of heating locations, the crystallization and enhanced rigidity of PVA are restricted to desired areas, leading to strain isolation of the active regions. As a result, the electronic device can be conformably attached to skin while showing negligible degradation in device performance during deformation. Based on this method, a flexible surface electromyography (sEMG) sensor with outstanding stability and highly comfortable wearability is demonstrated, showing high accuracy (91.83%) for human hand gesture recognition. These results imply that the fabrication method proposed in this research is a facile and reliable approach for the fabrication of epidermal electronics.

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Ultrathin, Stretchable, and Breathable Epidermal Electronics Based on a Facile Bubble Blowing Method

Cited by 55 publications

References 56 publications

Development of Miniaturized Wearable Wristband Type Surface EMG Measurement System for Biometric Authentication

Development of Miniaturized Wearable Wristband Type Surface EMG Measurement System for Biometric Authentication

Conformal electrodes for on‐skin digitalization

Stable epidermal electronic device with strain isolation induced by in situ Joule heating

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