Ultrathin, Breathable, Permeable, and Skin‐Adhesive Charge Storage Electronic Tattoos Based on Biopolymer Nanofibers and Carbon Nanotubes

Joshi, Shalik Ram; Pratap, Ajay; Gogurla, Narendar; Kim, Sunghwan

doi:10.1002/aelm.202201095

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Compared to batteries, supercapacitors exhibit much faster charging and discharging speed and longer life cycles. , Luan et al reported a supercapacitor with PEDOT:PSS decorated SWCNT film serving as positive and negative electrodes. The device has a low thickness of only ∼1 μm but a high-power density of 332 kW·kg –1 .…”

Section: E-tattoos For Energy Harvesting and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

E-Tattoos: Toward Functional but Imperceptible Interfacing with Human Skin

Li,

Tan,

Rao

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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The human body continuously emits physiological and psychological information from head to toe. Wearable electronics capable of noninvasively and accurately digitizing this information without compromising user comfort or mobility have the potential to revolutionize telemedicine, mobile health, and both human−machine or human−metaverse interactions. However, state-of-the-art wearable electronics face limitations regarding wearability and functionality due to the mechanical incompatibility between conventional rigid, planar electronics and soft, curvy human skin surfaces. E-Tattoos, a unique type of wearable electronics, are defined by their ultrathin and skin-soft characteristics, which enable noninvasive and comfortable lamination on human skin surfaces without causing obstruction or even mechanical perception. This review article offers an exhaustive exploration of e-tattoos, accounting for their materials, structures, manufacturing processes, properties, functionalities, applications, and remaining challenges. We begin by summarizing the properties of human skin and their effects on signal transmission across the e-tattoo-skin interface. Following this is a discussion of the materials, structural designs, manufacturing, and skin attachment processes of e-tattoos. We classify e-tattoo functionalities into electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, and chemical sensing, as well as wound healing and other treatments. After discussing energy harvesting and storage capabilities, we outline strategies for the system integration of wireless e-tattoos. In the end, we offer personal perspectives on the remaining challenges and future opportunities in the field.

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Section: E-tattoos For Energy Harvesting and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

E-Tattoos: Toward Functional but Imperceptible Interfacing with Human Skin

Li,

Tan,

Rao

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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show abstract

“…Fabrication of uorescent silk textiles can be accomplished through several means. For example, a dye can be added to a silk solution, which can then be electrospun to form nano bers [32][33][34] . Else ways, inorganic nanoparticles (quantum dots) when embedded in silk bers can facilitate colored silk materials 35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Bred Korean Silkworm Cocoon Showing Strong Green Fluorescence and its Textile-Based Environmental Sensing Applications

Jha

Kim²,

Kim

2023

Preprint

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Conductive Bio‐based Hydrogel for Wearable Electrodes via Direct Ink Writing on Skin

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Non‐invasive electrodes for recording and delivering electric signals to the human body are crucial for health monitoring and rehabilitation applications. However, high‐fidelity signal recording or delivery with epidermal electrodes remains a challenge due to the need for shape customization, to account for the variance of body morphology among individuals, and the need for conformal contact, to accommodate creviced skin surfaces, intricate curves, and moving bodies. In this study, a conductive and self‐adhesive hydrogel for direct ink writing of wearable electrodes on the skin is presented, utilizing physical cross‐linking mechanisms between bio‐based polymers. With a fast gelation time and a facile fabrication method, the printed hydrogel achieves a 0.40 mm resolution via handheld 3D printers. Compared with silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) coated gel electrode standards, the hydrogel electrode formed in situ achieves a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio by 88%, for the monitoring of forearm muscle biopotential and decreases the required current from 3.5 to 2.25 mA, for the functional electrical stimulation for eye closure. The lowered contact impedance of the hydrogel electrode is attributed to its sol–gel transition in situ on the skin, demonstrating its potential to enable future healthcare applications with improved personalization, efficiency, and comfort.

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Ultrathin, Breathable, Permeable, and Skin‐Adhesive Charge Storage Electronic Tattoos Based on Biopolymer Nanofibers and Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

E-Tattoos: Toward Functional but Imperceptible Interfacing with Human Skin

E-Tattoos: Toward Functional but Imperceptible Interfacing with Human Skin

Naturally Bred Korean Silkworm Cocoon Showing Strong Green Fluorescence and its Textile-Based Environmental Sensing Applications

Conductive Bio‐based Hydrogel for Wearable Electrodes via Direct Ink Writing on Skin

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