Ultrastructure of venules in the cat brain

Roggendorf, Wolfgang; Cervós-Navarro, J; Lazaro-Lacalle, M. D.

doi:10.1007/bf00212326

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previous investigators have mainly studied the intracranial venous vessels by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (TAKAHASHI, 1968;FREDERICKSON and Low, 1969;ROGGENDORF et al, 1978). According to these studies, intracranial venules up to 20um in diameter are covered with pericytes, while those exceeding 30um in diameter are covered with cells which cannot be classified as pericytes nor as smooth muscle cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoarchitecture of Periendothelial Cells in Human Cerebral Venous Vessels as Compared with the Scalp Vein. A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.

Takahashi

Ushiki

Abe

et al. 1994

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoarchitecture of Periendothelial Cells in Human Cerebral Venous Vessels as Compared with the Scalp Vein. A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.

Takahashi

Ushiki

Abe

et al. 1994

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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“…on the basis of luminal diameter, ultrastructural criteria and their role in venous drainage (see Rhodin, 1968;Shepherd & Vanhoutte, 1975Altura, 1978. However, in the absence of such detailed morphological investigation of the cerebral venous system (see Takahashi, 1968;Roggendorf & Cervos-Navarro, 1978), no attempt has been made to differentiate the innervation of venomotor responsiveness of the various venous sub-types.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline cerebral veins and arteries: comparison of autonomic innervation and vasomotor responses

Edvinsson

McCulloch

Uddman

1982

The Journal of Physiology

101

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SUMMARY1. The innervation of feline cerebral (pial) vessels by nerve fibres containing noradrenaline, substance P or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been examined using the Falck-Hillarp histo-fluorescence method and immunohistochemical techniques. Cerebral veins were shown to be innervated by nerve fibres containing noradrenaline, substance P or VIP. Nerve fibres containing noradrenaline were the most numerous, while fibres containing substance P were observed least frequently in both types of vessel. For each putative neurotransmitter, the density of the innervation of the cerebral veins was less than that of cerebral arteries.2. The vasomotor responses of individual pial arteries and veins on the convexity of the cerebral cortex to perivascular micro-injection of noradrenaline, substance P and VIP were examined in twenty-five cats anaesthetized with a-chloralose.3. The perivascular micro-application of noradrenaline resulted in pronounced dose-dependent reductions in the diameter of pial veins (maximum calibre reduction: 32 + 3 % noradrenaline 10-5 M) and arteries (22 + 3 % noradrenaline 10-5 M). Pial veins were more sensitive to noradrenaline than were pial arteries tested under similar conditions. The reductions in the diameter of cerebral veins and arteries resulting from the administration of noradrenaline could be attenuated by the concomitant micro-application of phentolamine (106 M).4. The perivascular micro-application of substance P effected significant dosedependent increases in the calibre of pial veins (maximum calibre increase: 16 + 4 % substance P 10-7 M) which were of a similar magnitude to those observed in pial arteries in response to this peptide (21 +4 4% substance P 10-6 M).5. The perivascular micro-application of VIP resulted in small increases in the calibre of pial veins (maximum calibre increase: 9 + 2 % VIP 10-8 M) which were proportionately smaller than those observed in pial arteries in response to this peptide (23±5% VIP 10-7 M).

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“…The absence of smooth muscle layer in the cerebral bridging veins of experimental animals and humans is well known [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 18, 19, 20]. Accordingly, the regulation of flow in the vein and cuff segment is passive and cannot be due to an innervated smooth muscle sphincter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to most other veins, the smooth muscle layer in the wall of cerebral bridging veins is absent in most species including humans [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Consequently, possible regulatory and adaptive mechanisms of flow in the cerebral bridging veins must be passive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Properties of Porcine Cerebral Bridging Veins with Reference to the Zero-Stress State

Pang¹,

Lu²,

Gregersen³

et al. 2001

J Vasc Res

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Passive mechanical and morphometric properties of porcine cerebral bridging veins were studied. Fifteen cerebral bridging veins were obtained from 7 pigs. The superior sagittal sinus, bridging veins and the meninges were excised and placed in aerated calcium-free Krebs solution. The outflow cuff segment is a narrow region at the junction of the cerebral bridging veins and superior sagittal sinus. The principal direction of collagen fibres was longitudinal in the bridging vein and circumferential in the cuff region. The diameter was smaller in the outflow cuff segment than in the cerebral bridging veins in the pressure range studied (0–23 mm Hg) whereas the thickness was highest in the outflow cuff segment (p < 0.01). The circumferential stress-strain analysis showed that the outflow cuff segment was extensible up to a strain of 0.25. At higher strains the outflow cuff segment was progressively stiffer than the cerebral bridging vein (p < 0.05). The longitudinal stress-strain relation for the cerebral bridging vein was shifted to the left compared to the outflow cuff segment (p < 0.05). When compared to the stress-strain properties in the circumferential direction, the outflow cuff segment was more extensible and the cerebral bridging vein stiffer in longitudinal direction (p < 0.05). The opening angle of the outflow cuff segment and the cerebral bridging vein was 115 ± 4 and 120 ± 4 (means ± SE) without statistical difference between the two regions. In conclusion the difference in biomechanical properties between the outflow cuff segment and the cerebral bridging vein was associated to their difference in histology and fibre arrangement. This indicates that the function of the outflow cuff segment is to act as a flow-limiting resistance to the outflow from the cerebral circulation.

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Ultrastructure of venules in the cat brain

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Cytoarchitecture of Periendothelial Cells in Human Cerebral Venous Vessels as Compared with the Scalp Vein. A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.

Cytoarchitecture of Periendothelial Cells in Human Cerebral Venous Vessels as Compared with the Scalp Vein. A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.

Feline cerebral veins and arteries: comparison of autonomic innervation and vasomotor responses

Biomechanical Properties of Porcine Cerebral Bridging Veins with Reference to the Zero-Stress State

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