Ultrastructure of the Liver in Response to Cyclophosphamide and Triterpenoids

Protective/preventive effects of quercetin against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatic inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis in rats

“…[ 24 , 29 ] Due to the inescapable use of CYC in clinical treatment, improving tolerance to cytostatic chemotherapy is a matter of urgency, and it is therefore important to discover substances capable of reducing the effects of drugs without lowering their therapeutic effectiveness. [ 13 , 24 ] Q is a natural flavonoid widely present in several plants and vegetables. It possesses unmatched biological characteristics, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and antiviral properties.…”

“…Very great importance is therefore attached to the investigation of agents capable of reducing side-effects without impairing drugs’ main therapeutic effects. [ 13 ] Researchers have recently emphasized that biological compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics can help protect cells and tissues against the deleterious effects of CYC-induced free radicals. [ 3 , 14 ]…”

“…Very great importance is therefore attached to the investigation of agents capable of reducing side-effects without impairing drugs' main therapeutic effects. [13] Researchers have recently emphasized that biological compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics can help protect cells and tissues against the deleterious effects of CYC-induced free radicals. [3,14] Quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) (Q) is a plant flavonoid compound and member of the polyphenolic group found in numerous fruits and vegetables and [6,15] numerous pharmacological studies have reported that it exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic activities.…”

The NRF2-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of Antioxidant Defense Pathways: Relevance for Cell Type-Specific Vulnerability to Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Intervention

“…Target engagement measures are particularly important, especially in studies involving peripherally administered toxins such as MPTP, because seemingly neuroprotective events could be mediated by the effects on peripheral tissues involved in the metabolism of MPTP (or other neurotoxins). Triterpenoids can have robust effects on the liver [ 343 , 344 , 345 , 346 , 347 ]; it is possible that CDDO treatment influences the metabolism of MPTP in the liver. However, it is important to note that neuroprotective effects of CDDO-ethyl amide were observed in a transgenic model of Huntington’s disease [ 348 ] with an upregulation of ARE-containing genes in the brain ( Hmox1 , Gts3a , and Nqo1 ); however, this study did not evaluate nuclear localization of NRF2, so it is not clear whether the effects were mediated by NRF2 activation.…”