Ultrastructure of the Lichen Coenogonium interplexum Nyl.

Meier, Judy L.; Chapman, Russell L.

doi:10.2307/2443248

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Our data and published images of bacteria in lichen thalli always show their presence in intercellular spaces and on surfaces (see e.g. Meier & Chapman, 1983;Souza-Egipsy et al, 2002;De los Ríos et al, 2005), but not inside the vital cells of the lichen symbionts. Bacteria inside hyphal cells have been described already in Ascomycota [Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacterioides phylogroup (CFB) bacterium in Tuber borchii, Barbieri et al, 2000], Basidiomycota (Paenibacillus in Laccaria bicolor, Bertaux et al, 2003), Glomeromycota (Burkholderia in Gigaspora and Scutellospora, Bianciotto et al, 2000) and Zygomycota (Burkholderia in Rhizopus, Partida-Martinez & Hertweck, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

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In situ analysis of the bacterial community associated with the reindeer lichen Cladonia arbuscula reveals predominance of Alphaproteobacteria

Cardinale

Castro

Müller

et al. 2008

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

201

202

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The diversity and spatial pattern of the bacterial community hosted by the shrub-like reindeer lichen Cladonia arbuscula were investigated by general DNA staining and FISH, coupled with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Using an optimized protocol for FISH using cryosections of small lichen fragments, we found about 6 x 10(7) bacteria g(-1) of C. arbuscula. Approximately 86% of acridine orange-stained cells were also stained by the universal FISH probe EUB338. Using group-specific FISH probes, we detected a dominance of Alphaproteobacteria (more than 60% of all bacteria), while the abundance of Actinobacteria and Betaproteobacteria was much lower (<10%). Firmicutes were rarely detected, and no Gammaproteobacteria were present. Bacterial cells of different taxonomic groups are embedded in a biofilm-like, continuous layer on the internal surface of the C. arbuscula podetia, mainly occurring in small colonies of a few to a few hundred cells. The other parts of the lichen showed a lower bacterial colonization. alpha-proteobacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified using total DNA extracts from C. arbuscula and separated by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Sequencing of excised bands revealed the dominance of Acetobacteraceae.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Few studies included electron microscopic images of bacteria in lichen thalli (e.g. Meier & Chapman, 1983;Souza-Egipsy et al, 2002;De los Ríos et al, 2005), which gave the impression that bacteria are sporadic in the investigated lichens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ analysis of the bacterial community associated with the reindeer lichen Cladonia arbuscula reveals predominance of Alphaproteobacteria

Cardinale

Castro

Müller

et al. 2008

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

201

202

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“…regardless of the simple or slightly more complex composition of the lichens, the range of morphologies and physical interactions for lichens is significant. At one end of the spectrum, there are loose associations of fungi and algae such as Coenogonium (Meier and Chapman, 1983) that are either considered to be "lichen-like associations" ("mycophycobiosis, " Hill, 1992) or not lichens at all (Ahmadjian, 1993) or are considered to be the simplest "borderline," leastdeveloped lichens (Hawksworth, 1988, see also Sanders and Lucking, 2002;Grube and Hawksworth, 2007). These minimalist lichens may represent only a small proportion of all lichen species, but it is interesting to note that perhaps fewer than half of all lichens achieve a complex thallus (Honegger, 1992).…”

Section: Lichens -Composition and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Algae and Fungi in Lichens:

Chapman

2010

Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology

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“…Similar correspondence of lichen thallus morphology to that of the phycobiont occurs in some lichenized forms of Trentepohlia, a close relative of Phycopeltis. When associated with lichen fungi such as Cystocoleus or Coenogonium, the filamentous form of the alga is relatively unaltered and is apparent in the overall form of the lichen thallus (Skuje and Ore, 1933;Karling, 1934;Meier and Chapman, 1983). In crustose lichens of the Trichotheliaceae, Aptroot and Sipman (1993) noted in general that when the phycobiont is the filamentous Trentepohlia, the lichen thallus tends to be continuous; when the phycobiont is Phycopeltis, the lichen thallus shows dispersed and rounded parts corresponding to the thallus form of that algal symbiont.…”

Section: Morphological Influences Of Phycobiont and Mycobiont-mentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ development of the foliicolous lichenPhyllophiale(Trichotheliaceae) from propagule germination to propagule production

Sanders

2002

American J of Botany

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The vegetative cycle of the foliicolous lichen Phyllophiale, from propagule germination to propagule production, was studied by light microscope observation of thalli colonizing plastic cover slips placed within a lowland tropical forest. Discoid propagules germinated by growth of radially arranged fungal cells and developed directly into lichen thalli. The young lichen comprised a single disc of closely branched, radiating filaments of the algal symbiont Phycopeltis, covered by a network of fungal hyphae extending onto the substrate as a prothallus. The prothallic hyphae incorporated additional Phycopeltis thalli encountered on the substrate. The phycobiont formed a single layer, with individual algal thalli clearly distinguishable within the lichen. Radial growth ceased at points of contact between adjacent phycobiont thalli. The visible shape of the crustose lichen thallus corresponded to the perimeter of the phycobiont thalli within. Propagules were initiated at points corresponding to the margins of the phycobiont thalli, by vertical reorientation of horizontal algal filaments surrounded by fungal hyphae. The lichenized alga produced intercalary gametangia. Degeneration of propagules unsuccessful in lichen establishment sometimes resulted in free growth of the phycobiont. The alga generally maintained its shape, growth pattern, and reproductive independence within the lichen, while also participating in the formation of unique symbiotic propagules.

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Ultrastructure of the Lichen Coenogonium interplexum Nyl.

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

In situ analysis of the bacterial community associated with the reindeer lichen Cladonia arbuscula reveals predominance of Alphaproteobacteria

In situ analysis of the bacterial community associated with the reindeer lichen Cladonia arbuscula reveals predominance of Alphaproteobacteria

Green Algae and Fungi in Lichens:

In situ development of the foliicolous lichenPhyllophiale(Trichotheliaceae) from propagule germination to propagule production

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