Ultrastructure of the Endotoxin Produced by Gram-negative Bacteria Associated with Organic Dusts

Dutkiewicz, Jacek; Tucker, James H. R.; Burrell, Robert; Olenchock, Stephen A.; Schwegler‐Berry, Diane; Keller, George E.; Ochalska, Barbara; Kaczmarski, F; Skórska, Czesława

doi:10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80225-0

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…5) [51,52], secondly by demonstrating that the isolated vesicular endotoxin-containing nanoparticles (VECN) exert stronger biological effects than the purified lipopolysaccharides [53], and thirdly by proving that the saline extracts of the cell mass (CA-S) of P. agglomerans, resembling a native mix of protein antigens and endotoxin, show potent biological effects, much stronger compared to isolated lipopolysaccharides of P. agglomerans or to other adverse microbial agents occurring in organic dusts [54,55,56,57]. These works will be discussed in detail in the next article of the Pantoea-series.…”

Section: Dust-borne Endotoxins and Allergens Of Pantoea Agglomerans -mentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>: a marvelous bacterium of evil and good. Part I. Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens – focus on cotton dust

Dutkiewicz¹,

Maćkiewicz²,

Lemieszek³

et al. 2015

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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The ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium Pantoea agglomerans (synonyms: Enterobacter agglomerans, Erwinia herbicola) is known both as an epiphytic microbe developing on the surface of plants, and as an endophytic organism living inside the plants. The bacterium also occurs abundantly in plant and animal products, in the body of arthropods and other animals, in water, soil, dust and air, and occasionally in humans. From the human viewpoint, the role of this organism is ambiguous -both deleterious and beneficial: on one side it causes disorders in people exposed to inhalation of organic dusts and diseases of crops, and on the other it produces substances effective in the treatment of cancer and other diseases of humans and animals, suppresses the development of various plant pathogens, promotes plant growth, and appears as a potentially efficient biofertilizer and bioremediator. P. agglomerans has been identified as a predominant bacterium on cotton plants grown worldwide, usually as an epiphyte, rarely as pathogen. It is particularly numerous on cotton bract after senescence. During the processing of cotton in mills, bacteria and their products are released with cotton dust into the air and are inhaled by workers, causing respiratory and general disorders, usually defined as byssinosis. The most adverse substance is endotoxin, a heteropolymer macromolecule present in the outermost part of the cell wall, consisting of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a major constituent, phospholipids and protein. Numerous experiments carried out in last quarter of 20th century on laboratory animals and human volunteers supported convincing evidence that the inhaled endotoxin produced by P. agglomerans causes numerous pathologic effects similar to those elicited by cotton dust, such as the influx of free lung cells into airways and activation of alveolar macrophages which secrete mediators (prostaglandins, platelet-activating factor, interleukin-1, tumour necrosis factor) that cause the accumulation of platelets in pulmonary capillaries, initiating acute and chronic inflammation, resulting in endothelial cell damage and extravasation of cells and fluids into the lung interstitium. These changes cause bronchoconstriction, the decrement of lung function expressed as reduction of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) and/or diffusion capacity, increase in the airway hyper-reactivity and subjective symptoms such as fever, airway irritation and chest tightness. The conclusions from these experiments, performed mostly 20-30 years ago, did not loose their actuality until recently. This was because to-date no other cotton dust component had been identified as a more important work-related hazard than bacterial endotoxin. Although other microbial and plant constituents are also considered as potential causative agents of byssinosis, the endotoxin produced by Pantoea agglomerans and other Gram-negative bacteria present in cotton dust, is still regarded as a major cause of this mysterious disease. Key wordsPantoea agglomerans, end...

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Section: Dust-borne Endotoxins and Allergens Of Pantoea Agglomerans -mentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>: a marvelous bacterium of evil and good. Part I. Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens – focus on cotton dust

Dutkiewicz¹,

Maćkiewicz²,

Lemieszek³

et al. 2015

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…However, in most cases, septicaemias are caused by a bacterial invasion of the bloodstream, where serum components act as dispersing elements for LPS. Thus, LPS preparations that resemble the endotoxin in its natural environment would be necessary for the identification of the specific LPS receptors and mechanisms of action that are significant in vivo (Burrell, 1990;Dutkiewicz et al, 1992;Risco and Pinto da Silva, 1993).…”

Section: New Orientations In the Study Of The Endotoxin Interaction Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular functions during activation and damage by pathogens: Immunogold studies of the interaction of bacterial endotoxins with target cells

Risco

Silva

1995

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides or LPS) are active components of Gram-negative bacteria that act on numerous cellular functions through the processes of cell activation and damage. The molecular mechanisms involved in the "endotoxic phenomenon" are not defined yet, although extensive studies have been carried out. Immunogold and electron microscopy (EM) have contributed to identify the primary target cells of endotoxins and the subcellular systems that receive the direct action of these bacterial agents. Here, we review our studies on immunogold detection of endotoxins in cellular and subcellular systems. The analysis of the interaction between endotoxins and cells was focussed on the following aspects: (1) morphological characteristics of the LPS aqueous suspensions used in experimental work; (2) binding of endotoxins to the plasma membrane of type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages (two of their cellular targets), and influence of the state of aggregation of the LPS; (3) movement and distribution of endotoxins inside the cell, from the plasma membrane to the nucleoplasm; and (4) interaction of LPS with microtubules and its effects on the integrity of the microtubular network. These approaches provide information at the molecular level as well as data for the establishment of physiological models of endotoxicity.

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“…Besides allergenic properties, P. agglomerans is a source of extremely potent endotoxin (Dutkiewicz, 1976;Lantz et al, 1985;Lewis, 1985;Milanowski, 1994a,b;Rylander & Lundholm, 1978) that could be a potential cause of lung inflammation and organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS, toxic pneumonitis) in workers exposed to grain dust or other dusts of plant origin. It was demonstrated that environmental endotoxin produced by P. agglomerans occurs in dust in the form of globular vesicles measuring 30-50 nm (refers to as endotoxin-containing microvesicles, microvesicle-bound endotoxin or MV-LPS) which are composed of lipopolysaccharides, proteins and phospholipids (Dutkiewicz et al, 1989(Dutkiewicz et al, , 1992.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age influence on hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced in mice by exposure toPantoea agglomerans

Lemieszek¹,

Chilosi

Golec³

et al. 2013

Inhalation Toxicology

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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) represents the immunologically mediated lung disease induced by repeated inhalations of a wide variety of certain finely dispersed organic antigens. In susceptible subjects, these inhalations provoke a hypersensitivity reaction characterized by intense inflammation of the terminal bronchioles, the interstitium and the alveolar tree. The inflammation often organizes into granulomas and may progress to pulmonary fibrosis. Our previous work indicated that cell extract of gram-negative bacteria Pantoea agglomerans (SE-PA) causes, in young C57BL/6J mice, pulmonary changes that are very similar to the clinical manifestations of HP in men. The purpose of presented studies was to describe the response of mice immune system while exposed to SE-PA. Particular attention was paid to examine the age influence on SE-PA induced inflammation and fibrosis in lung tissue. We used 3- and 18-month-old C57BL/6J mice. Lung samples were collected from untreated mice and animals exposed to harmful agent for 7 and 28 days. HP development was monitored by histological and biochemical evaluation. Using ELISA tests, we examined concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in lung homogenates. Our study demonstrated again that SE-PA provokes in mice changes typical for the clinical picture of HP, and that successive stages of disease (acute, subacute and chronic) might be obtained by modulation of time exposure. Furthermore, we found that animals' age at the time of sensitization influences the nature of observed changes (cytokine expression pattern) and the final outcome (reaction intensity and scale of fibrosis).

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Ultrastructure of the Endotoxin Produced by Gram-negative Bacteria Associated with Organic Dusts

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

<i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>: a marvelous bacterium of evil and good. Part I. Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens – focus on cotton dust

<i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>: a marvelous bacterium of evil and good. Part I. Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens – focus on cotton dust

Cellular functions during activation and damage by pathogens: Immunogold studies of the interaction of bacterial endotoxins with target cells

Age influence on hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced in mice by exposure toPantoea agglomerans

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