Ultrastructure of the avian retina an anatomical study of the retina of the domestic pigeon (Columba liva) with particular reference to the distribution of mitochondria

Hughes, Joseph; Jerrome, D. W.; Krebs, H. A.

doi:10.1016/0014-4835(72)90002-4

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In a histologic study of the pigeon retina, Hughes et al (1972) found that glial cells accounted for a considerable portion (more than 15%) of the total cell numbers in the ganglion cell layer. On the basis of electron microscopic studies of the chick and pigeon, Smith (1982) reported that the presence of myelinating gliocytes exhibited the ultrastructural characteristics of CNS oligodendrocytes in the eighth and ninth layers of the retina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of transferrin binding protein immunoreactivity in the chicken central and peripheral nervous systems

et al. 1997

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Transferrin binding protein (TfBP) is a glycoprotein originally purified from chicken oviduct that exhibits transferrin binding activity. Recent work has shown that TfBP is a post-translationally modified form of the heat shock protein (HSP108), the avian homologue of a glucose regulated protein, GRP94. The function of this protein, however, has not yet been clearly defined. Antiserum to TfBP was found to selectively stain oligodendrocytes of the avian brain. In this study, we further describe these oligodendrocytes and other cell types positive to anti-TfBP in the chick nervous system. In accordance with previous studies, the most prominent cell type that labels with antiserum to TfBP is the oligodendrocyte. At the electron microscopic level, the immunoreactive product is confined to the perinuclear cytoplasm and fine processes of the oligodendrocytes, whereas myelin and axoplasm are devoid of staining. The immunoreactive product is found both in the cytoplasmic matrix and bound to the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane, suggesting that TfBP may have properties of both a soluble and an integral membrane protein. There is great variability in the number of TfBP-oligodendrocytes in different areas of the central nervous system (CNS); large numbers of cells are associated with the white matter regions and are found in the myelinated tracts, whereas few cells are present in the gray matter regions. In the retina, TfBP is localized specifically in the cells, that are morphologically oligodendrocytic and is present in the optic nerve fiber layer and the ganglion cell layer. Obvious staining is also seen in the Bergmann glial cells of the cerebellum and in the Schwann cells of the sciatic nerve. Furthermore, the choroid plexus cells similarly exhibit a strong reaction. The association of TfBP in these specific cell types responsible for myelination and sequestering iron and transferrin implies that TfBP may be involved in myelination and iron metabolism of the chick nervous system, perhaps through a role in transferrin concentration in these cells. A putative role of TfBP, as HSP108, is considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of transferrin binding protein immunoreactivity in the chicken central and peripheral nervous systems

et al. 1997

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“…As development proceeds, the aerobic capacity of the vertebrate retina becomes segregated into discrete regions of the tissue. In avascular avian retina (such as the chick) this segregation is dramatic and active mitochondria appear in discrete regions with large portions of inner retina totally devoid of mitochondria and hence respiratory capability (Buono, 1991a(Buono, , 1991bKrebs, 1972 ;Hughes et al, 1972). These regions express large amounts of LDH-A and are responsible for the high lactic acid output of the adult vertebrate retina, a measure of hypoxia (Buono, 1991b ;Krebs, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hypoxic Repression of Lactate Dehydrogenase-B in Retina

Buono

Lang

1999

Experimental Eye Research

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“…Cells with dark cytoplasm located in the ganglion cell layer have been described as displaced Mueller cells in the pigeon and chicken [12,13]. Recently, Nakazawa et al [18] have reported that the dark cells in the NFL of chick embryos and young chickens are myelin forming cells similar to oligodendrocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among amphibians, the optic nerve consists largely of unmyelinated fibers [7,15], and the NFL may not contain myelinated fibers. In birds, the NFL contains many myelinated fibers dispersed throughout the retina [12]; however, definitive quantitative studies of the NFL or myelinated fibers in the NFL have not been published.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Studies of the Optic Nerve Fiber Layer in the Chicken Retina.

Imagawa

Fujita

Kitagawa

et al. 1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The optic nerve fiber layer (NFL) of the chicken retina was studied quantitatively and morphologically at 17 positions along seven radially arranged bands from the dorsal tip of the pecten oculi using electron microscopy. The number of nerve fibers was counted in areas 6 µm in width × the full thickness of the NFL. Myelinated nerve fibers in the NFL were also identified immunohistochemically using anti-myelin basic protein serum. The dorsal area (dorsal, dorso-temporal and dorso-nasal bands) in the retina had thin NFL and contained the largest number of nerve fibers, which were mainly thin and unmyelinated. The ventral area (ventral and ventro-temporal bands) had a thick NFL and contained a relatively small number of nerve fibers, many of which were myelinated. The nasal band had the thickest NFL and contained as many nerve fibers as the dorsal area, with the temporal band showing a high ratio of myelinated fibers. The band had a thick NFL and contained many nerve fibers with a relatively low ratio of myelinated fibers. The relationship between the number and composition of nerve fibers in the NFL to the chicken visual characteristics was discussed. Although the myelin in the chicken retina was loose type, the myelin-forming cells were similar in appearance to dense oligodendrocytes. -KEY WORDS: chicken retina, morphometry, myelinated fiber, nerve fiber layer.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 61(8): 883-889, 1999 MATERIALS AND METHODS Five White Leghorn chickens, 7 to 14 months old, were used for quantitative analysis. Two chickens were anesthetized with diethyl ether and they were perfused with 1.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB) at pH 7.4 or 3% glutaraldehyde in PB containing 1.5 mM CaCl 2 . The eyes were enucleated and opened by an encircling cut at the ora serrata, and the posterior parts were immersed in the same fixatives for another 2 hr. Three chickens were killed by cervical exsanguination under diethyl ether anesthesia, the eyes were removed as soon as possible, and the posterior half of the eye was immersed in the fixative mentioned above. The posterior half of the eye in all chickens was postfixed in 1% OsO 4 in the same buffer for 1.5 hr at 4°C. The tissues were dehydrated in ethanol. During the dehydration, seven retinal bands, radially arranged from the dorsal tip of the pecten oculi, were dissected out. These were the nasal (N), dorso-nasal (DN), dorsal (D), dorso-temporal (DT), temporal (T), ventrotemporal (VT), and ventral (V) bands. A naso-ventral band could not be obtained, because the pecten oculi occupies this place. Electron microscopic observations and measurements were carried out at 1 mm (position I) and 4 mm (position II) from the margin of the pecten oculi for all bands, and at 8 mm (position III) for N, DN and D bands (Fig. 1). Thus, morphological observations and measurements were obtained at 17 locations for each eye. The tissues were stained with lead citrate and uranyl acetate, and embedded in Epok-812. Thin sections were cut vertical to the plane of the retina. Micro...

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Ultrastructure of the avian retina an anatomical study of the retina of the domestic pigeon (Columba liva) with particular reference to the distribution of mitochondria

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Distribution of transferrin binding protein immunoreactivity in the chicken central and peripheral nervous systems

Distribution of transferrin binding protein immunoreactivity in the chicken central and peripheral nervous systems

Hypoxic Repression of Lactate Dehydrogenase-B in Retina

Quantitative Studies of the Optic Nerve Fiber Layer in the Chicken Retina.

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