“…The vas deferens of a few groups has been studied using light microscopy, including the Majoidea (Beninger, Elner, Foyle, & Odense, 1988; Diesel, 1989; Sainte‐Marie & Sainte‐Marie, 1999a; Sal Moyano, Gavio, & Cuartas, 2010), Grapsoidea (Garcia & Silva, 2006; Tiseo, Mantelatto, & Zara, 2014, 2017), Ocypodoidea (Castilho, Ostrensky, Pie, & Boeger, 2008), and Portunoidea (Johnson, 1980; Nascimento & Zara, 2013; Ryan, 1967; Stewart et al, 2010; Zara et al, 2012). In crabs, the vas deferens consists of a series of convoluted tubules divided into three regions: anterior (AVD), median (MVD), and posterior (PVD; Krol, Hawkins, & Overstreet, 1992).…”