Ultrastructure of parenchyma cell wall in bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) culms

Lian, Caiping; Liu, Rong; Zhang, Shuqin; Yuan, Jing; Luo, Junji; Yang, Feng; Fei, Benhua

doi:10.1007/s10570-020-03265-9

Cited by 64 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Some of the concentric lamellae observed with SRRF analysis of rhodamine B staining were associated with the boundaries between ligni cation levels within the S2 layer. Similar variations in ligni cation within the secondary cell wall have been reported in bamboo bres by TEM [2,[11][12][13][14][15]. However, concentric lamellae in Douglas r latewood cell walls are indistinct by conventional light microscopy and have not previously been described.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Super-Resolution Imaging of Xylem Cell Wall Nanostructure Using SRRF Microscopy

Donaldson¹

2021

Preprint

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Background: The nanostructure of plant cell walls is of significant biological and technological interest, but methods suited to imaging cell walls at the nanoscale while maintaining the natural water-saturated state are limited. Light microscopy allows imaging of wet cell walls but with spatial resolution limited to the micro-scale. Most super-resolution techniques require expensive hardware and/or special stains so are less applicable to some applications such as autofluorescence imaging of plant tissues. Results: A protocol was developed for super-resolution imaging of xylem cell walls using super-resolution radial fluctuations (SRRF) microscopy combined with confocal fluorescence imaging (CLSM). We compared lignin autofluorescence imaging with acriflavin or rhodamine B staining. The SRRF technique allows imaging of wet or dry tissue with moderate improvement in resolution for autofluorescence and acriflavin staining, and a large improvement for rhodamine B staining, achieving sub 100 nm resolution based on comparison with measurements from electron microscopy. Rhodamine B staining, which represents a convolution of lignin staining and cell wall accessibility, provided remarkable new details of cell wall structural features including both circumferential and radial lamellae demonstrating nanoscale variations in lignification and cell wall porosity within secondary cell walls. Conclusions: SRRF microscopy can be combined with confocal fluorescence microscopy to provide nanoscale imaging of plant cell walls using conventional stains or autofluorescence in either the wet or dry state.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Bamboo parenchyma, phloem, and xylem bres have polylamellate cell walls with multiple layers associated with changes in micro bril orientation, ligni cation, and amount of xylan [2,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super-Resolution Imaging of Xylem Cell Wall Nanostructure Using SRRF Microscopy

Donaldson¹

2021

Preprint

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“…[ 6,7 ] In general, 40% of the bamboo culm accounts for fibers (provide mechanical support for the culm), while 50% is parenchyma (provide flexural ductility) and 10% is conducting tissue. [ 8–10 ] The parenchyma tissues on the bamboo culm have long parenchyma cells that have thicker, polylamellate and lignified walls, and short parenchyma cells that have thin walls and remain mostly unlignified. [ 9,11 ] Bamboo fibers may often contain parenchyma cells sticking on their surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of bamboo fiber with sodium hydroxide and graphene oxide in epoxy composites

Batista

Drzal

2020

Polymer Composites

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Bamboo fibers (BFs) have high mechanical properties and are candidate reinforcement for epoxy matrix composites. However, to improve performance, good fiber‐matrix interaction is required. In this work, unidirectional long BF reinforced epoxy composites at fiber volume content of 22%, 40%, and 50% were made by compression molding. The 40 v% untreated BF reinforced composites exhibited 107% and 439% increase for flexural strength and modulus, respectively, compared to neat epoxy. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment was used to modify the surface of the BFs, and then the NaOH modified BFs were coated with graphene oxide (GO). The 40 v% NaOH modified BF composites showed an improvement from 259.9 to 327.5 MPa for flexural strength and from 16.7 to 21.5 GPa for flexural modulus, compared to 40 v% untreated BF composites. Slight improvement in properties up to 334.6 MPa for flexural strength and up to 23.8 GPa for flexural modulus was achieved for composites made of 40 v% NaOH/GO modified BF. Surface modification of BF after the NaOH and NaOH/GO treatment was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and by scanning electron microscopy, which showed differences on the fiber surface morphology and on the composite fracture surface. This BF surface modification approach with GO has potential to impart other properties beyond mechanical to produce multifunctional composite and lead to the use of sustainable plant fibers as alternatives to synthetic fibers.

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“…Bamboo parenchyma, phloem, and xylem fibres have polylamellate cell walls with multiple layers associated with changes in microfibril orientation, lignification, and amount of xylan [ 2 , 11 – 15 ]. Polylamellate cell walls associated with changes in microfibril angle are known as helicoidal cell walls because of the continuous rotation of microfibril orientation relative to the cell axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super-resolution imaging of Douglas fir xylem cell wall nanostructure using SRRF microscopy

Donaldson

2022

Plant Methods

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Background The nanostructure of plant cell walls is of significant biological and technological interest, but methods suited to imaging cell walls at the nanoscale while maintaining the natural water-saturated state are limited. Light microscopy allows imaging of wet cell walls but with spatial resolution limited to the micro-scale. Most super-resolution techniques require expensive hardware and/or special stains so are less applicable to some applications such as autofluorescence imaging of plant tissues. Results A protocol was developed for super-resolution imaging of xylem cell walls using super-resolution radial fluctuations (SRRF) microscopy combined with confocal fluorescence imaging (CLSM). We compared lignin autofluorescence imaging with acriflavin or rhodamine B staining. The SRRF technique allows imaging of wet or dry tissue with moderate improvement in resolution for autofluorescence and acriflavin staining, and a large improvement for rhodamine B staining, achieving sub 100 nm resolution based on comparison with measurements from electron microscopy. Rhodamine B staining, which represents a convolution of lignin staining and cell wall accessibility, provided remarkable new details of cell wall structural features including both circumferential and radial lamellae demonstrating nanoscale variations in lignification and cell wall porosity within secondary cell walls. Conclusions SRRF microscopy can be combined with confocal fluorescence microscopy to provide nanoscale imaging of plant cell walls using conventional stains or autofluorescence in either the wet or dry state.

show abstract

Ultrastructure of parenchyma cell wall in bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) culms

Cited by 64 publications

References 26 publications

Super-Resolution Imaging of Xylem Cell Wall Nanostructure Using SRRF Microscopy

Super-Resolution Imaging of Xylem Cell Wall Nanostructure Using SRRF Microscopy

Surface modification of bamboo fiber with sodium hydroxide and graphene oxide in epoxy composites

Super-resolution imaging of Douglas fir xylem cell wall nanostructure using SRRF microscopy

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