Ultrastructure of microfilament bundles in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. The use of tannic acid.

Goldman, Robert D.; Chojnacki, Bonnie; Yerna, Marie-Jeanne

doi:10.1083/jcb.80.3.759

Cited by 76 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…4F). Similar striations have been observed in whole cells by transmission electron microscopy after tannic acid staining (9). Two fragments showed microfilament arrangements that converged toward vertices (Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

Autonomous movements of cytoplasmic fragments.

Albrecht‐Buehler¹

1980

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Tiny fragments from the cytoplasm of human skin fibroblasts with about 2% of the original cell volume ("microplasts") were prepared by treatment with cytochalasin B, vigorous pipetting, and trypsinization of the attached fragments. They remained alive for 8 hr or longer. Some of the micro lasts were able to produce and move filopodia, ruffle, or boththers blebbed continuously. Slow flattening was observed in the larger microplasts. In all cases tested, microplasts avoided contact with other cells or microplasts. The observations suggest that the cytoplasmic matrix and the membranes of animal cells are so constructed as to express locally and autonomously any one of the elementary amoeboid movements listed above. More importantly, whatever types of motile surface projections a microplast expressed, it continued to produce and move them in a stereotypical way as if there were long-lived structural or material determinants for each type. The microplasts were unable to locomote autonomously. Therefore, it is conceivable that directional movement of whole cells may require a supervising mechanism that confers a certain coordination and strategy on its component cytoplasmic bits. Otherwise they would continue to move in stereotypical and autonomous ways without ever displacing themselves, as suggested by the behavior of the microplasts. Inasmuch as sarcomeres are the structural units of muscle cell contraction, are there also structural units of amoeboid motion of nonmuscle cells? (In this context, "amoeboid motion" is understood to mean animal cell movements involving complex body deformations, as opposed to longitudinal contraction of muscle cells or the use of cilia and flagella.) It seems logical to begin the search for such units in the smallest cytoplasmic fragments-one may call them "microplasts"-that can still display autonomously the entire spectrum of amoeboid motion.Important steps toward the investigation of autonomous cytoplasmic movements have already been taken. Allen et al.(1) showed that the cytoplasm of the giant amoeba (Chaos chaos) can be forced into glass capillaries, where it continues to stream. Kojima (2) demonstrated that enucleated halves of sea urchin eggs can be induced to cleave. Several years ago, Goldman et al. (3) showed that enucleated animal cells (cytoplasts) generated and moved surface projections and also locomoted like whole cells. Even smaller motile cytoplasts of leukocytes were produced by Keller and Bessis (4). In response to temperatures of 460C, the cells segregated into nucleoplasts and cytoplasts, which continued to migrate, to phagocytose, and to accumulate around chemotactic targets.Cytoplasts can be fragmented further. Goldstein et al. (5) used fine glass needles to cut sizable pieces away from human cells and obtained motile fragments. Much smaller motile fragments were described by Shaw and Bray (6) and later by Wessels et al. (7), who found that the similarly amputated distal fragments of axons were able to rebuild a ruffling growth cone.The smallest motile ...

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supporting

confidence: 82%

Autonomous movements of cytoplasmic fragments.

Albrecht‐Buehler¹

1980

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Less ordered arrays of actin filaments occur in the cleavage ring of dividing cells, the circumferential bundles of intestinal brush border and retinal epithelial cells, and stress fibers of tissue-culture cells. The filaments in these more loosely packed bundles have opposite polarities and are often associated with myosin, tropomyosin, and a-actinin in a banded, sarcomeric pattern [Begg et al, 1978;Fujiwara and Pollard, 1976;Goldman et al, 1979;Lazarides, 1975Lazarides, , 1976Lazarides and Burridge, 1975;Sanger and Sanger, 1980;Sanger et al, 1983;Weber and Groeschel-Stewart, 19741. The contractile nature of these bundles has been demonstrated directly in ATP-reactivated models [ Cande, 1980;Hoffmann-Berling, 1954;Isenberg et al, 1976;Kreis and Birchmeier, 1980;Masuda et al, 1983;Owaribe et al, 1981;Owaribe and Masuda, 1982;Rodewald et al, 19761.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive actin bundle couples macrocilia to muscles in the ctenophore Beroë

Tarmm

Tamm

1987

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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Macrocilia are thick compound ciliary organelles arising individually from elongated epithelial cells on the lips of beroid ctenophores. A giant wedge-shaped bundle of microfilaments extends 25-30 microns from the base of each macrocilium to the lower end of the cell, terminating at a junction with an underlying smooth muscle cell. The broad end of the microfilament bundle is anchored to the macrocilium by striated rootlet fibers that extend from the basal bodies into the bundle and are linked to the microfilaments by periodic bridges. Fluorescence microscopy of rhodamine-phalloidin stained intact tissue, dissociated macrociliary cells, and Triton/glycerol-isolated bundles shows that the microfilaments contain actin. The microfilaments run generally parallel to the long axis of the bundle but are not highly ordered. Filaments decorated with myosin S1 show a uniform polarity with arrowheads pointing away from the tapered membrane-associated end of the bundle. No variations in bundle length (nor changes in rootlet periodicity) were observed in tissue fixed under conditions of calcium activation. Isolated bundles did not contract in Mg-ATP, even though detached macrocilia underwent reactivated beating and sliding disintegration. Macrocilia are used to bite through food organisms or transport prey into the stomach. The actin filament bundles probably play a supporting role as a structural linker between macrocilia and subepithelial muscle fibers and may serve as intracellular tendons to mechanically coordinate the motor activities of macrocilia and muscles during prey ingestion.

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“…The nodules do not appear to be ultrastructurally analogous to dense bodies of smooth muscle cells or the periodic densities seen along stress fibers in cultured cells [Goldman et al, 1979;Small and Sobieszek, 19801. Nor do they appear to be analogous to the previously described CD-induced aggregates or foci seen in cultured cells [Schliwa, 1982;Celis et al, 19841.…”

Section: Comparison Of Pb-iffcs With Previously Described Mf-if Intermentioning

confidence: 94%

Relationship between intermediate filaments and microfilaments in cultured fibroblasts: Evidence for common foci during cell spreading

Green

Talian

Goldman

1986

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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Spreading and fully spread chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were examined by double-label fluorescence microscopy using the actin-specific probe rhodamine-phalloidin and an antibody directed against CEF intermediate filaments (IF). During midspreading, a striking relationship became discernible: statistical analysis showed that approximately half of the cell population exhibited one or more phase-dense, phalloidin-binding nodules that appeared to act as foci from which IF diverged. Coincidence between actin-containing structures and IF was not limited to these centers; IF could also frequently be seen running in close parallel arrays with stress fibers. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the presence of non-membrane-bound out-pocketings along the length of stress fibers from which 10-nm IF diverged. These structures varied in size and shape, and displayed a dense, fine fibrillar appearance. IF and microfilaments (MF) were distinguished by size and by decoration of MF with myosin subfragment-1. Other IF-MF interactions were seen in cells of all stages: IF were observed to loop through stress fibers, most frequently at the cell margins. In colchicine-treated cells, IF became redistributed into cables that often ran parallel and appeared to merge with stress fibers. Cytochalasin D-treated CEF exhibited loose aggregates of actin-containing material that appeared to be associated with IF. These results suggest the possibility of an interaction between actin-containing structures and IF, particularly during cell spreading in cultured fibroblasts.

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Ultrastructure of microfilament bundles in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. The use of tannic acid.

Cited by 76 publications

References 33 publications

Autonomous movements of cytoplasmic fragments.

Autonomous movements of cytoplasmic fragments.

Massive actin bundle couples macrocilia to muscles in the ctenophore Beroë

Relationship between intermediate filaments and microfilaments in cultured fibroblasts: Evidence for common foci during cell spreading

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