Ultrastructure of Mesophyll Cells and Pigment Content in Senescing Leaves of Maize and Barley

Kolodziejek, Izabella; Kozioł, Joanna E.; Wałęza, Maria; Mostowska, Agnieszka

doi:10.1007/s00344-002-0024-1

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This differs from normal senescence of several angiosperms, e.g. Betula verrucosa (Dodge 1970), maize (Zea mays), barley (Hordeum vulgare) (Kołodziejek et al 2003) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) (Ojanperä et al 1992), in which gradual changes like a size increase of the central vacuole, a size decrease of chloroplasts, a decrease or degradation of thylakoids and an increase in the size or number of plastoglobuli, can already be followed in the green leaves before yellowing. However, once the needles had turned yellow, three stages of structure deterioration were noted on each sampling date, indicating the rapidity of the yellowing process or that the needles (or trees) were at different phases of senescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Microscopic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) needles during ageing and autumnal senescence

Kivimäenpää

Sutinen

2007

Trees

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Needle ageing and senescence were studied in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees growing in natural conditions with minimal anthropogenic influence. The four existing needle generations were analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy before and during autumnal yellowing of the oldest needle generation. The change from green to yellow occurred within less than 4 days in central Finland. The structure of the oldest needles remained largely intact as long as they were green. Increase in mitochondrion size and hypertrophy of the phloem parenchyma were the only changes, probably related to the approaching senescence. In the yellow needles, the structure of the mesophyll tissue varied from nearly intact with reduced chloroplasts and higher numbers of plastoglobuli, to totally disintegrated cells. In the disintegrated cells, peroxisomes were absent, and chloroplasts were smaller with a patchy appearance and degraded, eventually emptylooking stroma. Mitochondria were enlarged, but retained integrity until the last stages of deterioration, and lipids increased. At the light microscopic level, vacuolar volume in mesophyll cells and cavity formation in transfusion tissue increased. Ageing was characterized by increases in the vacuolar volume and cytoplasmic lipids, altered appearance of vacuolar tannin from homogenous 'sandy', to large spherical drops and finally to a large mass in the mesophyll, and by hypertrophy and tannin accumulation in the phloem parenchyma. Changes related to needle ageing, senescence and cell location in the mesophyll tissue were discussed relative to findings with stress by strong light, weather conditions and ozone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Microscopic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) needles during ageing and autumnal senescence

Kivimäenpää

Sutinen

2007

Trees

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“…In addition, our previous observation suggested that the thickness of grana is increased by salinity although detailed analysis was not conducted (Hasan et al, 2005). The changes in structure and photosynthetic characteristics of chloroplasts in MC of maize during leaf development have been well documented (Wang and Hu, 1988;Kutik et al, 1999;Kutik et al, 2001;Kolodziejek et al, 2003). The decrease in granal development in MC chloroplasts of C 4 plant under Na-defi cient condition has also been reported (Grof et al, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Salinity Stress Induces Granal Development in Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts of Maize, an NADP-Malic Enzyme-Type C₄Plant

Hasan

Kawasaki

Taniguchi

et al. 2006

Plant Production Science

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“…The contrast between lower chlorophyll and galactolipid concentrations and relatively constant levels of PG and SQDG in senescing leaves suggests that the degradation of thylakoid membranes in the developing gerontoplast has not started (Koiwai et al, 1981;Matile et al, 1999;Kaup et al, 2002;Kolodziejek et al, 2003). A decline in phospholipid concentration during leaf senescence in other plant species increases membrane leakiness (Thompson et al, 1998).…”

Section: Delayed Greening Is Only Partially Reversed By Increased Pimentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Biosynthesis and Protein Concentration Respond Uniquely to Phosphate Supply during Leaf Development in Highly Phosphorus-Efficient Hakea prostrata

et al. 2014

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-6113-9570 (R.S.); 0000-0002-4118-2272 (H.L.); 0000-0002-3819-6358 (R.J.).Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) is adapted to severely phosphorus-impoverished soils and extensively replaces phospholipids during leaf development. We investigated how polar lipid profiles change during leaf development and in response to external phosphate supply. Leaf size was unaffected by a moderate increase in phosphate supply. However, leaf protein concentration increased by more than 2-fold in young and mature leaves, indicating that phosphate stimulates protein synthesis. Orthologs of known lipid-remodeling genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were identified in the H. prostrata transcriptome. Their transcript profiles in young and mature leaves were analyzed in response to phosphate supply alongside changes in polar lipid fractions. In young leaves of phosphate-limited plants, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine and associated transcript levels were higher, while phosphatidylglycerol and sulfolipid levels were lower than in mature leaves, consistent with low photosynthetic rates and delayed chloroplast development. Phosphate reduced galactolipid and increased phospholipid concentrations in mature leaves, with concomitant changes in the expression of only four H. prostrata genes, GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE1, N-METHYLTRANSFERASE2, NONSPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4, and MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL3. Remarkably, phosphatidylglycerol levels decreased with increasing phosphate supply and were associated with lower photosynthetic rates. Levels of polar lipids with highly unsaturated 32:x (x = number of double bonds in hydrocarbon chain) and 34:x acyl chains increased. We conclude that a regulatory network with a small number of central hubs underpins extensive phospholipid replacement during leaf development in H. prostrata. This hardwired regulatory framework allows increased photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency and growth in a low-phosphate environment. This may have rendered H. prostrata lipid metabolism unable to adjust to higher internal phosphate concentrations.

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Ultrastructure of Mesophyll Cells and Pigment Content in Senescing Leaves of Maize and Barley

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

Microscopic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) needles during ageing and autumnal senescence

Microscopic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) needles during ageing and autumnal senescence

Salinity Stress Induces Granal Development in Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts of Maize, an NADP-Malic Enzyme-Type C₄Plant

Lipid Biosynthesis and Protein Concentration Respond Uniquely to Phosphate Supply during Leaf Development in Highly Phosphorus-Efficient Hakea prostrata

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Ultrastructure of Mesophyll Cells and Pigment Content in Senescing Leaves of Maize and Barley

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

Microscopic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) needles during ageing and autumnal senescence

Microscopic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) needles during ageing and autumnal senescence

Salinity Stress Induces Granal Development in Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts of Maize, an NADP-Malic Enzyme-Type C4Plant

Lipid Biosynthesis and Protein Concentration Respond Uniquely to Phosphate Supply during Leaf Development in Highly Phosphorus-Efficient Hakea prostrata

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Salinity Stress Induces Granal Development in Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts of Maize, an NADP-Malic Enzyme-Type C₄Plant