Ultrastructure of a rat cytomegalovirus

Berezesky, Irene K.; Grimley, Philip M.; Tyrrell, Sandra A.; Rabson, Alan S.

doi:10.1016/0014-4800(71)90005-0

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The overall diameter of the naked nueteoeapsid of our rat, agent was smaller than that measured by BEREZESKY et al (2). Nevertheless the size of our rat agent (92 nm) was near the size of our MCMV (90 nm).…”

Section: Diseussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Isolation of a cytomegalovirus-like agent from wild rats

Bruggeman¹,

Meijer²,

Dormans³

et al. 1982

Archives of Virology

109

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In 8 of 10 wild rats trapped in The Netherlands, an infectious viruslike agent was isolated predominantly from the salivary glands and could be serially passed in laboratory rats. In rat embryo cells a typical cytomegalo-like cytopathic effect was produced. The morphologic and cultural characteristics of the isolated agent were comparable with those of the mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV). The virus-nucleocapsid had a size of 92 nm and was not ether-resistant. The extracellular nucleocapsids were often enclosed by an outer layer of very variable shape and size. The formation of Fc receptors on cells infected with the rat virus could be demonstrated. The wild rats possessed neutralizing antibodies to the isolated agent. The rat agent grew only in rat embryo fibroblast cells while MCMV grew in rat and mouse embryo cells. The rat agent gave plaques in REF monolayers. Electron microscope studies showed the presence of nucleocapsids in the nucleus.

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Section: Diseussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Isolation of a cytomegalovirus-like agent from wild rats

Bruggeman¹,

Meijer²,

Dormans³

et al. 1982

Archives of Virology

109

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“…Cy tomegaloviruses represent an exception to the rule since virions receive the envelope predominantly by budding into cytoplasmic vesicles [Todd and Storz, 1983], Another characteristic of cytomegalovirus infections is the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions consisting of embedded nucleocapsids [Luse and Smith, 1958;Ruebner et al, 1966;Berezesky et al, 1971;Craighead et al, 1972;Hud son et al, 1976a;Fong et al, 1979;Storz et al, 1984]. Release of enveloped nucleocapsid aggregates containing 1 to more than 20 nu cleocapsids, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Morphogenesis of Murine Cytomegalovirus

Weiland¹,

Keil²,

Reddehase³

et al. 1986

Intervirology

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Two modes of assembly of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) were observed in cultured mouse embryo fïbroblasts, generating two morphologically different types of viral particles: monocapsid virions and multicapsid virions. The assembly of nucleocapsids appeared to be the same for both types of morphogenesis. Three successive stages of intranuclear capsid formation could be distinguished: capsids with electron-lucent cores, coreless capsids, and capsids with dense cores. Some of the capsids were enveloped at the inner nuclear membrane to form monocapsid virions, which were first detectable in the perinuclear cisterna. Other capsids left the nucleus via nuclear pores and usually entered cytoplasmic capsid aggregates that received an envelope by budding into extended cytoplasmic vacuoles, thereby forming multicapsid virions. Since the formation of multicapsid virions is not restricted to cell culture conditions and also occurs in vivo in immunosuppressed mice, multicapsid virions may play a role in the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus infection.

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“…The RCMVs isolated in this laboratory are the only CMVs isolated from R. norvegicus in Australia, and we report here the first genetic analysis of CMV isolates from the black rat, R. rattus, anywhere. Whilst CMV has previously been identified in R. rattus, characterization was limited to visualization by electron microscopy of cytomegalic virions and in vitro growth in fibroblasts (Rabson et al, 1969;Berezesky et al, 1971).Wild brown and black rats were trapped in Monash, Victoria, Australia by Grant Singleton (Division of Sustainable Ecosystems, CSIRO, Canberra) and identified using morphological characteristics (G. Singleton, personal communication). Homogenates of salivary glands were inoculated onto rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) prepared from Wistar rats (R. norvegicus) and overlaid with 16 MEM (2 % NCS) 3?5 % methylcellulose, and incubated at 37 u C, 5 % CO 2 until CPE was visible (or for 7 days).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Isolates of cytomegalovirus (CMV) from the black rat Rattus rattus form a distinct group of rat CMV

Smith

Tonkin

Lawson

et al. 2004

Journal of General Virology

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Two different betaherpesviruses, the English and Maastricht species of rat cytomegalovirus (CMV), have previously been isolated from Rattus norvegicus. CMVs were isolated from both the brown rat, R. norvegicus, and the black rat, R. rattus, within Australia. The viruses isolated from R. norvegicus appeared to be genetically related to the English species of rat CMV by PCR, RFLP, and sequencing, but the viruses isolated from R. rattus were distinct from both prototype virus species, although more closely genetically related to the Maastricht virus. This is the first genetic characterization of cytomegaloviruses from R. rattus, and the first isolation of CMVs from Australian rats.Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are species-specific betaherpesviruses capable of causing both acute and latent infections. They infect a broad range of species with individual virus strains exhibiting strict species specificity. Consequently, a species-specific CMV can be found in a diverse range of animals from mice to pigs, apes and humans (Staczek, 1990).CMVs have previously been isolated from the brown rat Rattus norvegicus [the Maastricht and English species of rat CMV (RCMV)] (Bruggeman et al., 1982;Priscott & Tyrrell, 1982). Whilst RFLP and sequence analysis has shown that the genomes of these viruses are collinear with the genomes of other CMVs, analysis of their genome size, growth characteristics, and sequencing of the major immediateearly locus suggests that they are not simply different strains of RCMV, but are in fact different betaherpesvirus species (Beisser et al., 1998). Sequencing of random clones derived from the English RCMV genome in our laboratory has confirmed the variation in sequence homology and possibly gene content between this virus and the Maastricht species (L. M. Smith & J. Redwood, unpublished data).The genome of the Maastricht species of RCMV has been fully sequenced (Vink et al., 2000). It is 230 138 bp in length, and contains a predicted 166 genes, 53 of which contain no significant homology to open reading frames in either murine (MCMV) or human (HCMV) cytomegaloviruses. This species of RCMV has been extensively studied as a model for cardiovascular disease, atherogenesis and transplant rejection caused by HCMV in humans (Streblow et al., 2003;Bruggeman et al., 1999;Orloff et al., 2002).We have isolated and characterized CMVs from several wild brown and black rats, as the isolation of betaherpesviruses from two closely related species would provide us with an opportunity to examine the evolutionary relationship between host and virus. The brown rat is also the only species apart from humans from which multiple betaherpesviruses have been isolated, allowing us to examine virusvirus interactions within the same host, and to more closely examine the immune-evasion genes found in each virus. The RCMVs isolated in this laboratory are the only CMVs isolated from R. norvegicus in Australia, and we report here the first genetic analysis of CMV isolates from the black rat, R. rattus, anywhere. Whilst CMV has previous...

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Ultrastructure of a rat cytomegalovirus

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Isolation of a cytomegalovirus-like agent from wild rats

Isolation of a cytomegalovirus-like agent from wild rats

Studies on the Morphogenesis of Murine Cytomegalovirus

Isolates of cytomegalovirus (CMV) from the black rat Rattus rattus form a distinct group of rat CMV

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