Ultrastructure and morphology of midgut visceral muscle in early pupal Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Bernick, E.P.; Moffett, Stacia B.; Moffett, David F.

doi:10.1016/j.tice.2007.11.001

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The finding that in Drosophila , larval visceral muscle persists into the adult, reported by Klapper (2000) and confirmed and extended in the present study, appears to apply to other insect taxa. For example, in the mosquito Aedes aegypti midgut, muscle fibers persist but undergo a transient phase of atrophy (Bernick et al, 2007; 2008), whereby myofibrils degenerate, similar to the situation in Drosophila described here. Thus, in the 6h–21h (approximately 20–80% of the duration of metamorphosis) pupal midgut, muscle fibers visualized by scanning electron microscopy appear flattened in comparison to earlier pupa stages or the adult; at the same time, myofibrils shown by TEM, disappear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Metamorphosis of the Drosophila visceral musculature and its role in intestinal morphogenesis and stem cell formation

Aghajanian

Takashima

Paul

et al. 2016

Developmental Biology

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The visceral musculature of the Drosophila intestine plays important roles in digestion as well as development. Detailed studies investigating the embryonic development of the visceral muscle exist; comparatively little is known about postembryonic development and metamorphosis of this tissue. In this study we have combined the use of specific markers with electron microscopy to follow the formation of the adult visceral musculature and its involvement in gut development during metamorphosis. Unlike the adult somatic musculature, which is derived from a pool of undifferentiated myoblasts, the visceral musculature of the adult is a direct descendant of the larval fibers, as shown by activating a lineage tracing construct in the larval muscle and obtaining labeled visceral fibers in the adult. However, visceral muscles undergo a phase of remodeling that coincides with the metamorphosis of the intestinal epithelium. During the first day following puparium formation, both circular and longitudinal syncytial fibers dedifferentiate, losing their myofibrils and extracellular matrix, and dissociating into mononuclear cells (“secondary myoblasts”). Towards the end of the second day, this process is reversed, and between 48 and 72h after puparium formation, a structurally fully differentiated adult muscle layer has formed. We could not obtain evidence that cells apart from the dedifferentiated larval visceral muscle contributed to the adult muscle, nor does it appear that the number of adult fibers (or nuclei per fiber) is increased over that of the larva by proliferation. In contrast to the musculature, the intestinal epithelium is completely renewed during metamorphosis. The adult midgut epithelium rapidly expands over the larval layer during the first few hours after puparium formation; in case of the hindgut, replacement takes longer, and proceeds by the gradual caudad extension of a proliferating growth zone, the hindgut proliferation zone (HPZ). The subsequent elongation of the hindgut and midgut, as well as the establishment of a population of intestinal stem cells active in the adult midgut and hindgut, requires the presence of the visceral muscle layer, based on the finding that ablation of this layer causes a severe disruption of both processes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Metamorphosis of the Drosophila visceral musculature and its role in intestinal morphogenesis and stem cell formation

Aghajanian

Takashima

Paul

et al. 2016

Developmental Biology

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“…The midgut of the mosquito larvae is the chief interface of exterior environment and chip in major process like digestion, ion transport, absorption, and osmoregulation process (Bernick et al, 2008;Elumalai et al, 2016). Generally, gut region is the target of numerous insecticidal complexes and its integrity is dynamic for digestion and conferring of resistance against toxins (Stenfors Arnesen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Impact Of Phytochemicals On Midgut Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Resistance Mechanisms of Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals, Phytochemicals, and Essential Oils as Alternative Larvicidal Agents Against Mosquitoes

Senthil‐Nathan

2020

Front. Physiol.

159

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Mosquitoes are a serious threat to the society, acting as vector to several dreadful diseases. Mosquito management programes profoundly depend on the routine of chemical insecticides that subsequently lead to the expansion of resistance midst the vectors, along with other problems such as environmental pollution, bio magnification, and adversely affecting the quality of public and animal health, worldwide. The worldwide risk of insect vector transmitted diseases, with their associated illness and mortality, emphasizes the need for effective mosquitocides. Hence there is an immediate necessity to develop new eco-friendly pesticides. As a result, numerous investigators have worked on the development of eco-friendly effective mosquitocidal compounds of plant origin. These products have a cumulative advantage of being cost-effective, environmentally benign, biodegradable, and safe to non-target organisms. This review aims at describing the current state of research on behavioral, physiological, and biochemical effects of plant derived compounds with larvicidal effects on mosquitoes. The mode of physiological and biochemical action of known compounds derived from various plant families as well as the potential of plant secondary metabolites, plant extracts, and also the essential oils (EO), as mosquitocidal agents are discussed. This review clearly indicates that the application of vegetal-based compounds as mosquito control proxies can serve as alternative biocontrol methods in mosquito management programes.

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“…aegypti (Bernick et al 2008). Individual muscle cells underwent atrophy at varying times in the puparium, while cell death was not observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ-Associated Muscles in <I>Aedes albopictus</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) Respond Differentially to Sindbis Virus

Linser

Bowers³

2010

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Differential host cell responses to the alphavirus Sindbis were observed in visceral muscles of the adult female mosquito Aedes albopictus. Following intrathoracic inoculation with SIN, muscles associated with the midgut, hindgut, and ovary resulted in clearance, persistence, and refractoriness to virus, respectively. Prominent sarcomeres characteristic of myofilaments were identified in muscles associated with these three organs by phalloidin labeling of actin, confirming these cells as muscle. The location of virus antigen mimicked the distribution of actin in both mid-and hindgutassociated muscles. Furthermore, these myofilaments remained intact following virus clearance from midgut muscles and during virus persistence in hindgut muscles. Changes in the temporal onset of virus antigen following high titer inoculum compared with standard titer inoculum was observed in anterior midgut muscles, but not in muscles associated with the posterior midgut or hindgut. Muscle bundles closely approximated the gut surface, while a wispy association was displayed at the ovary surface. Prominent ultrastructural differences were observed in the basal lamina attached to the gut compared with the ovary. Additionally, ultrastructural evidence for virus-associated pathology was observed in gut-associated muscles and gut epithelium. Visceral muscles, all composed of the same tissue type, but associated to three different organs in the insect abdomen, responded differentially to Sindbis. We speculate that variations in structure, function or physiology and ultrastructure inherent to insect host cells or organs interactions reflect the complicated milieu of the organism and contribute to differential virus phenotypic expression in muscle cells. KeywordsSindbis virus; mosquito; visceral muscle; actin Infection of mosquitoes with arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) results in a chronic infection that persists for the lifespan of the insect (Murphy et al. 1975, Shope 1985. Replication of virus progeny in permissive host cells is but one link in the chain of virus transmission in nature (Vo and Bowers, 2005). Sindbis virus (SIN; family Togaviridae; genus alphavirus) infection was observed in mosquito intestinal cells and salivary glands (Gaidamovich et al. 1973, Raikova et al. 1973) and more extensively in a relatively pantropic distribution in Aedine mosquitoes (Jackson et al. 1993, Bowers et al. 1995. The replication of the alphavirus SIN has been well documented in Aedes albopictus cell culture (Brown and Condreay 1986). Furthermore, while Culex tarsalis is considered the principle vector of many alphaviruses in North America (Fulhorst, et al. 1994), 26 different mosquito species including Ae. normanensis (Taylor) are principle vectors of SIN in Australia (Dhileepan et al. 1996) expanding the epidemiological significance beyond principle vector interests. Bowers and 3Corresponding author: Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, dbowers@unf.edu. p.i.). Sindbis virus antigen was cleared f...

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Ultrastructure and morphology of midgut visceral muscle in early pupal Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Metamorphosis of the Drosophila visceral musculature and its role in intestinal morphogenesis and stem cell formation

Metamorphosis of the Drosophila visceral musculature and its role in intestinal morphogenesis and stem cell formation

A Review of Resistance Mechanisms of Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals, Phytochemicals, and Essential Oils as Alternative Larvicidal Agents Against Mosquitoes

Organ-Associated Muscles in <I>Aedes albopictus</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) Respond Differentially to Sindbis Virus

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