Ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry of endocrine cells in the midgut of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal)

Montuenga, Luis M.; Barrenechea, M. A.; Sesma, P.; López, Jesús García; Vázquez, J. J.

doi:10.1007/bf00218870

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The endocrine cells in the foregut and hindgut responsible for this hormone surge possess a very similar morphology to previously described endocrine cells of the insect gut (18,19) or the ''closed'' type of paraneuron described by Fujita et al (20), although these cells clearly differ from previously described ''putative'' endocrine cells from the crustacean midgut (21). Furthermore, no immunopositive cells were seen in this region of the gut.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

A remarkable, precisely timed release of hyperglycemic hormone from endocrine cells in the gut is associated with ecdysis in the crab Carcinus maenas

Chung

Dircksen²,

Webster³

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

214

161

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Molting or ecdysis is the most fundamentally important process in arthropod life history, because shedding of the exoskeleton is an absolute prerequisite for growth and metamorphosis. Although the hormonal mechanisms driving ecdysis in insects have been studied extensively, nothing is known about these processes in crustaceans. During late premolt and during ecdysis in the crab Carcinus maenas, we observed a precise and reproducible surge in hemolymph hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) levels, which was over 100-fold greater than levels seen in intermolt animals. The source of this hormone surge was not from the eyestalk neurosecretory tissues but from previously undescribed endocrine cells (paraneurons), in defined areas of the foregut and hindgut. During premolt (the only time when CHH is expressed by these tissues), the gut is the largest endocrine tissue in the crab. The CHH surge, which is a result of an unusual, almost complete discharge of the contents of the gut endocrine cell, regulates water and ion uptake during molting, thus allowing the swelling necessary for successful ecdysis and the subsequent increase in size during postmolt. This study defines an endocrine brain͞gut axis in the arthropods. We propose that the ionoregulatory process controlled by CHH may be common to arthropods, in that, for insects, a similar mechanism seems to be involved in antidiuresis. It also seems likely that a cascade of very precisely coordinated release of (neuro) hormones controls ecdysis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

A remarkable, precisely timed release of hyperglycemic hormone from endocrine cells in the gut is associated with ecdysis in the crab Carcinus maenas

Chung

Dircksen²,

Webster³

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

214

161

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“…In this manner ten types were described in Aeshna cyanea (Müller, 1764) (Odonata, Anisoptera) (Andries, 1976), six types in Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dictyoptera, Blattidae) (Nishiitsutsuji-Uwo and Endo, 1981) and two types in Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) (Neves et al, 2003). The variability of mitochondria observed in cells visualised along the midgut of D. saccharalis larvae may be related to the pres- ence of different endocrine cell types that could not be identified due to a reduced number of these cells in midgut epithelium, as already described in other species of insects (Montuenga et al, 1989). It is known that parasitized larvae of Lepidoptera consume less nutrients than the non-parasitized larvae ; in this context the mitochondrial modifications detected may reflect a physiological adjustment for nutritional assimilation and digestion of the food ingested since the host need the nutrients to guarantee its own survival and for the parasite growth during the process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Mitochondria in the midgut epithelial cells of sugarcane borer parasitized by Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891)

2010

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The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) has been controlled by Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae); however, very little is known about the effect of the parasitism in the host organs, including the midgut. This work aims to verify mitochondrial alteration in the different midgut epithelial cells of D. saccharalis parasitized by C. flavipes. Midgut fragments (anterior and posterior region) of both non-parasitized and parasitized larvae were processed for transmission electron microscopy. The mitochondria of midgut epithelial cell in the parasitized larvae exhibit morphological alteration, represented by matrix rarefaction and vacuolisation. These mitochondrial alterations are more pronounced in the anterior midgut region during the parasitism process, mainly in the columnar cell.Keywords: midgut, Diatraea saccharalis, mitochondria, Cotesia flavipes, epithelial cell. Mitocôndria nas Células Epiteliais do Intestino Médio da Broca-da-cana Parasitada por Cotesia flavipes ResumoDiatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), broca da cana-de-açúcar, tem sido controlada por Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae); pouco se sabe sobre o efeito do parasitismo nos diferentes órgãos do inseto hospedeiro, principalmente no intestino médio. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar as alterações mitocondriais das diferentes células epiteliais do intestino médio de larvas de D. saccharalis parasitadas por C. flavipes. Fragmentos do intestino médio (regiões anterior e posterior) de larvas de D. saccharalis não-parasitadas e parasitadas foram processados para microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. As mitocôndrias das células epiteliais do intestino médio de larvas parasitadas exibem alterações, especialmente rarefação e vacuolização da matriz, que foram mais pronunciadas nas células epiteliais da região anterior do intestino médio na vigência do parasitismo, em especial nas células colunares.Palavras-chave: intestino médio, Diatraea saccharalis, mitocôndria, Cotesia flavipes, célula epitelial.

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“…The main cell type of the epithelium is the enterocyte, which has absorptive and secretory functions. The existence of a variety of endocrine cell types spread among the enterocytes of the midgut wall of the desert locust has also been reported (Montuenga et al, 1989(Montuenga et al, , 1993. Some suggestions about the possible role of the endocrine cells in digestive physiology have been proposed (Fuse and Orchard, 1998;Zudaire et al, 1998a,b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary influences over proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the locust midgut

Zudaire

Simpson

Illa

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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We have studied the influence of variations in dietary protein (P) and digestible carbohydrate (C), the quantity of food eaten, and insect age during the fifth instar on the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the epithelial cells of the midgut (with special reference to the midgut caeca) in the African migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. Densitometric analysis of PCNA-immunostained cells was used as an indirect measure of the levels of expression of PCNA, and a PCNA cellular index (PCNA-I) was obtained. Measurements of the DNA content of the cells have also been carried out by means of microdensitometry of Feulgen-stained, thick sections of midgut. A comparison between the PCNA nuclear level and the DNA content was performed. The PCNA levels were significantly different among the cells of the five regions studied: caeca, anterior ventricle, medial ventricle, posterior ventricle and ampullae of the Malpighian tubules. We have studied in more detail the region with highest PCNA-I, i.e. the caeca. The quality and the quantity of food eaten under ad libitum conditions were highly correlated with both the PCNA and DNA levels in the caeca cells. Locusts fed a diet with a close to optimal P:C content (P 21%, C 21%) showed the highest PCNA and DNA content. In locusts fed a food that also contained a 1:1 ratio of P to C but was diluted three-fold by addition of indigestible cellulose (P 7%, C 7%), a compensatory increase in consumption was critical to maintaining PCNA levels. Our measurements also showed that the nuclear DNA content of the mature and differentiated epithelial cells was several-fold higher than the levels in the undifferentiated stem cells of the regenerative nests. These results, combined with the low number of mitotic figures found in the regenerative nests of the caeca and the marked variation in PCNA levels among groups, suggest that some type of DNA endoreduplication process may be taking place. Our data also indicate that the DNA synthetic activity in the midgut is related to feeding in locusts. The possible dietary and nutritional regulatory mechanisms and the significance of the differences found are discussed.

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Ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry of endocrine cells in the midgut of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal)

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

A remarkable, precisely timed release of hyperglycemic hormone from endocrine cells in the gut is associated with ecdysis in the crab Carcinus maenas

A remarkable, precisely timed release of hyperglycemic hormone from endocrine cells in the gut is associated with ecdysis in the crab Carcinus maenas

Mitochondria in the midgut epithelial cells of sugarcane borer parasitized by Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891)

Dietary influences over proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the locust midgut

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