Ultrastructure and degeneration analysis of the nerve fibres of the tooth pulp in the cat

Fehér, Erzsébet; Csányi, K.; Vajda, J.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(77)90100-5

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…They found no intact myelinated nerves at 7 days and only equivocal profiles of nonmyelinated axons. Feher et al (1977) found, as we have, degenerative changes occurring predominantly in the nonmyelinated axons at the earliest stages. Berger and Byers (19831, using a n autoradiographic technique, reported complete denervation of the mesial cusp of the rat's first molar 2 days after inferior alveolar nerve section.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evidence for the persistence of axons at the apex of the cat's lower canine tooth after section of the inferior alveolar nerve

Holland

Robinson

1984

Anat. Rec.

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The aim of this investigation was to establish the degree of denervation produced by inferior alveolar nerve section and to provide histological evidence for the presence of pulpal nerve fibres supplying the teeth which do not travel with the inferior alveolar nerve. Four adult cats were used. Each stage of the experiment was carried out under general anesthesia. The left inferior alveolar nerve was exposed and sectioned near the mandibular foramen. After 56 hours and 7 days, respectively, the jaw opening reflex to electrical stimulation of each lower canine was tested. Recordings were made from the left canine during electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral inferior alveolar nerve central and peripheral to the site of section as well as from the ipsilateral and contralateral inferior alveolar nerve during electrical stimulation of the left canine. Recordings were also made from the lingual nerve. After the recordings were completed two animals were perfused 56 hours after inferior alveolar nerve section, two more 7 days after section. Ultrathin sections of the apices of the lower canine teeth were examined in the electron microscope and each nerve fibre photographed. Each axon was examined to determine whether it was degenerating or normal. A jaw-opening reflex could not be elicited by stimulation of the left canine either 2 or 7 days after nerve section, whereas a normal response was evoked by stimulation of the right, control canine. At 2 days small responses could be recorded from the left canine teeth during stimulation of the left inferior alveolar nerve peripheral to the point of section. In one 2-day animal, responses could be recorded in the lingual nerve during stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evidence for the persistence of axons at the apex of the cat's lower canine tooth after section of the inferior alveolar nerve

Holland

Robinson

1984

Anat. Rec.

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“…1983], It must be noted that, except for sensory fibers, also sympathetic efferents are included in the above mentioned counts [Pohto and Antila. 1972;Feher et al. 1977].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Electron-Microscopic Analysis of the Axons at the Apex of the Canine Tooth Pulp in the Dog

Hirvonen¹

1987

Cells Tissues Organs

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The morphology of the dog intradental nerves has not been studied in detail, although dogs have been increasingly used in electrophysiological experiments on pulp nerve function. In this investigation electron microscopy and morphometric analysis were used to study the number and dimensions of the axons at the apex of the dog canine tooth. Two upper and two lower canines, each taken from a different animal, were used. The average number of axons entering a tooth was 2,089 (range: 1,241–3,034), 74.3% (range: 62.2–77.9%) of which were unmyelinated. The mean circumference of the myelinated and unmyelinated axons ranged from 11.1 to 13.9 µm and from 1.3 to 1.7 µm, respectively. Of the myelinated axons 13.7% had a circumference over 19 µm, which is considered to be the upper limit of the Aδ-class. Of the unmyelinated axons 13.8% showed apposition to each other and 20% were partly exposed to the extracellular space; these features could, in part, offer the morphological basis for the extreme pain sensitivity of the tooth. The findings of the present study were considered in general to be comparable to the results of earlier histological and electrophysiological studies on pulp nerves of different species. Thus, it seems that the dog tooth is an adequate model for studying the pulp nerve function and morphology.

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“…The proportion of sympathetic fibers relative to the total intrapulpal nerve supply was thought to be relatively small (Christensen, 1940;Baumann et al, 1976). In fully developed teeth, sympathetic nerves have been reported to make up no more than 10% or so of the nerve fibers entering the teeth (Feher et al, 1977). It is therefore not surprising that, until recently, the contributions of sympathetic nerves to the tooth and its supporting structures have been considered to be minor (…”

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confidence: 99%

Modulation of Dental Inflammation by the Sympathetic Nervous System

Haug

Heyeraas

2006

J Dent Res

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Recent findings have indicated that immune responses are subjected to modulation by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Moreover, the findings show that the SNS inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The present review is an attempt to summarize the current results on how the SNS affects inflammation in dental tissues. In dental tissues, it has been found that the SNS is significant for recruitment of inflammatory cells such as CD 43+ granulocytes. Sympathetic nerves appear to have an inhibitory effect on osteoclasts, odontoclasts, and on IL-1alpha production. The SNS stimulates reparative dentin production, since reparative dentin formation was reduced after sympathectomy. Sprouting of sympathetic nerve fibers occurs in chronically inflamed dental pulp, and neural imbalance caused by unilateral sympathectomy recruits immunoglobulin-producing cells to the dental pulp. In conclusion, this article presents evidence in support of interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and dental inflammation.

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Ultrastructure and degeneration analysis of the nerve fibres of the tooth pulp in the cat

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Evidence for the persistence of axons at the apex of the cat's lower canine tooth after section of the inferior alveolar nerve

Evidence for the persistence of axons at the apex of the cat's lower canine tooth after section of the inferior alveolar nerve

A Quantitative Electron-Microscopic Analysis of the Axons at the Apex of the Canine Tooth Pulp in the Dog

Modulation of Dental Inflammation by the Sympathetic Nervous System

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