Ultrastructural, transcriptional, and functional differences between human reticulated and non‐reticulated platelets

Hille, Laura; Lenz, Maximilian; Vlachos, Andreas; Grüning, Björn; Hein, Lutz; Neumann, Franz‐Josef; Nührenberg, Thomas; Trenk, Dietmar

doi:10.1111/jth.14895

Cited by 40 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Outside of congenital platelet disorders, an increased mean platelet volume implies an increase in circulating young platelets and is the body's response to thrombocytopenia [ 55 ]. In healthy adults with normal platelet counts, the normal MPV range is 9.0–12.4 fL [ 56 ]. Platelet size positively correlates with surface receptor number and platelet ATP content.…”

Section: Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reticulated platelets are immature platelets with a high granule content, residual mRNA, and increased mean volume compared with older circulating platelets [ 58 , 59 , 60 ]. In healthy adults with normal platelet counts, the relative immature platelet fraction (IPF, also known as reticulated platelets) ranges from 3.3 to 8.6% [ 56 ]. Younger platelets show higher levels of activation in response to agonists (as assessed by P-selectin exposure), and thus more readily promote the formation of platelet aggregates [ 56 ].…”

Section: Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In healthy adults with normal platelet counts, the relative immature platelet fraction (IPF, also known as reticulated platelets) ranges from 3.3 to 8.6% [ 56 ]. Younger platelets show higher levels of activation in response to agonists (as assessed by P-selectin exposure), and thus more readily promote the formation of platelet aggregates [ 56 ]. The reticulated platelet count is positively associated with cardiovascular risk and mortality [ 58 , 61 ].…”

Section: Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, COVID-19 is associated with increased numbers of immature platelets even at normal platelet counts. As immature platelets are known to be more functional [ 56 , 58 ], this could be another mechanism for increased clotting events in COVID-19.…”

Section: Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such activated platelets are normally only a small proportion of the total circulating population. Hille et al [ 56 ] reported that reticulated (younger) and nonreticulated (older) platelets from healthy patients show a low percentage of P-selectin positivity in unstimulated samples (median in all groups <5%). Similarly, Handtke et al [ 55 ] reported that small and large platelets have similar basal surface levels of P-selectin.…”

Section: Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of COVID-19 Disease on Platelets and Coagulation

2020

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a spectrum of disease; some patients develop a severe proinflammatory state which can be associated with a unique coagulopathy and procoagulant endothelial phenotype. Initially, COVID-19 infection produces a prominent elevation of fibrinogen and D-dimer/fibrin(ogen) degradation products. This is associated with systemic hypercoagulability and frequent venous thromboembolic events. The degree of D-dimer elevation positively correlates with mortality in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 also leads to arterial thrombotic events (including strokes and ischemic limbs) as well as microvascular thrombotic disorders (as frequently documented at autopsy in the pulmonary vascular beds). COVID-19 patients often have mild thrombocytopenia and appear to have increased platelet consumption, together with a corresponding increase in platelet production. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) and severe bleeding events are uncommon in COVID-19 patients. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of COVID-19 and hemostasis.

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Section: Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plateletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Impact of COVID-19 Disease on Platelets and Coagulation

2020

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Hematopoietic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Elahi

2022

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Under physiological conditions, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow niches are responsible for the highly regulated and interconnected hematopoiesis process. At the same time, they must recognize potential threats and respond promptly to protect the host. A wide spectrum of microbial agents/products and the consequences of infection-induced mediators (e.g. cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) can have prominent impact on HSPCs. While COVID-19 starts as a respiratory tract infection, it is considered a systemic disease which profoundly alters the hematopoietic system. Lymphopenia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, and stress erythropoiesis are the hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, thrombocytopenia and blood hypercoagulability are common among COVID‐19 patients with severe disease. Notably, the invasion of erythroid precursors and progenitors by SARS-CoV-2 is a cardinal feature of COVID-19 disease which may in part explain the mechanism underlying hypoxia. These pieces of evidence support the notion of skewed steady-state hematopoiesis to stress hematopoiesis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The functional consequences of these alterations depend on the magnitude of the effect, which launches a unique hematopoietic response that is associated with increased myeloid at the expense of decreased lymphoid cells. This article reviews some of the key pathways including the infectious and inflammatory processes that control hematopoiesis, followed by a comprehensive review that summarizes the latest evidence and discusses how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts hematopoiesis.

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Immature platelets in patients with Covid-19: association with disease severity

Cohen

Harari

Yahud

et al. 2021

J Thromb Thrombolysis

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is associated with a high incidence of venous and arterial thromboembolic events. Currently, there are no clinical or laboratory markers that predict thrombotic risk. Circulating immature platelets are hyper-reactive platelets, which are associated with arterial thrombotic events. The aim of this study was to assess whether the proportion of circulating immature platelets is associated with disease severity in Covid-19 patients. Patients admitted with Covid-19 disease were prospectively assessed. Immature platelet count (IPC) and immature platelet fraction (IPF) were measured at admission and at additional time points during the hospital course using the Sysmex XN-3000 auto-analyzer. A total of 136 consecutive patients with Covid-19 were recruited [mean age 60 ± 19 years, 49% woman, 56 (41%) had mild-moderate disease and 80 (59%) had severe disease at presentation]. The median IPF% was higher in patients with severe compared to mild-moderate disease [5.8 (3.9–8.7) vs. 4.2 (2.73–6.45), respectively, p = 0.01]. The maximal IPC value was also higher in patients with severe disease [15 (10.03–21.56), vs 10.9 (IQR 6.79–15.62), respectively, p = 0.001]. Increased IPC was associated with increased length of hospital stay. Patients with severe Covid-19 have higher levels of IPF than patients with mild-moderate disease. IPF may serve as a prognostic marker for disease severity in Covid-19 patients.

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Ultrastructural, transcriptional, and functional differences between human reticulated and non‐reticulated platelets

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

The Impact of COVID-19 Disease on Platelets and Coagulation

The Impact of COVID-19 Disease on Platelets and Coagulation

Hematopoietic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Immature platelets in patients with Covid-19: association with disease severity

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