Abstract:RESUMO - (Ehrenb.) Fr. was analyzed just before the transplant of these seedlings to the field to ascertain if fungi are established in the roots. Ectomycorrhizal fungi formed a well-developed compact mantle in lateral roots. Vacuoles, nuclei and dolipore septa were observed in mantle hyphae and numerous nuclei, endoplasmatic reticulum and polymorphic mitochondria were frequently located in the cytoplasm of Hartig net hyphae adjacent to plant cortical cells. Highly vacuolated cortical cells contained droplets… Show more
“…Pinus is a host plant for many fungi which forms a mutually beneficial symbiosis when its roots are colonized by these ECM fungi. 65,66 Miller et al 67 achieved mycorrhizal synthesis under laboratory conditions between Amanita muscaria and Pinus taeda and Pinus virginiana. They reisolated the fungus from the mantles and verified its identity by cultural characteristics.…”
This paper describes for the first time in vitro mycorrhization between the two wild edible boletes (Boletus edulis and Suillus sibiricus) with Pinus gerardiana. The synthesis was carried out in a controlled growth chamber using peat, vermiculite, fungal medium and mycelial inoculum of each fungi in test tubes. The test tubes were regularly observed for mycorrhization. The seedlings of P. gerardiana were picked after five months of inoculation to examine symbiotic association between its root system with B. edulis and S. sibiricus. The B. edulis formed dark reddish brown whereas S. sibiricus synthesized light brown orange coloured mycorrhizae. The transverse sections of synthesized mycorrhizae showed a well developed fungal mantle and Hartig net for both (B. edulis and S. sibiricus) ectomycorrhizal fungi tested. The mycorrhization has significant effect on the overall growth of seedlings as compared to control.
“…Pinus is a host plant for many fungi which forms a mutually beneficial symbiosis when its roots are colonized by these ECM fungi. 65,66 Miller et al 67 achieved mycorrhizal synthesis under laboratory conditions between Amanita muscaria and Pinus taeda and Pinus virginiana. They reisolated the fungus from the mantles and verified its identity by cultural characteristics.…”
This paper describes for the first time in vitro mycorrhization between the two wild edible boletes (Boletus edulis and Suillus sibiricus) with Pinus gerardiana. The synthesis was carried out in a controlled growth chamber using peat, vermiculite, fungal medium and mycelial inoculum of each fungi in test tubes. The test tubes were regularly observed for mycorrhization. The seedlings of P. gerardiana were picked after five months of inoculation to examine symbiotic association between its root system with B. edulis and S. sibiricus. The B. edulis formed dark reddish brown whereas S. sibiricus synthesized light brown orange coloured mycorrhizae. The transverse sections of synthesized mycorrhizae showed a well developed fungal mantle and Hartig net for both (B. edulis and S. sibiricus) ectomycorrhizal fungi tested. The mycorrhization has significant effect on the overall growth of seedlings as compared to control.
“…Finlay & Soderstrom (1989) informaron que estos hongos contribuyen sustancialmente con la biomasa fúngica de bosques de coníferas y son los colonizadores dominantes de las especies de la familia Pinnaceae (Smith & Read 1997). En Uverito las plántulas de pino son inoculadas con la ectomicorriza Pisolithus tintoreus para alcanzar una mejora en la nutrición mineral y sobrevivencia de las mismas (Gross et al 2004).…”
Fungal and bacterial biomass as indicators of soil C sequestration in savannas soils substituted by pine plantations. A transformation of any natural ecosystem to an agricultural or forest system leads to an important soil modification, not only in the total carbon pool, but also in the carbon associated to the microbial biomass. This way, carbon quantification on soil quality is important for the determination of impacts of agricultural practices and land use changes. The aim of this study was to the determine, through the selective inhibition technique, the fungal and bacterial biomass, and fungal-to-bacterial ratio (F:B) in pine plantations (Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis), to establish if these parameters are sensible indicators of changes in the carbon content in Uverito soils (Venezuela). Furthermore, the inhibitor additivity ratio (IAR) and total combined inhibition (TCI) were carried out to determine if the antibiotics caused non-target inhibition. The quantification of fungal and bacterial biomass was carried out by using of cyloheximide as fungal inhibitor, and streptomycin and chloranphenicol as specific bacterial inhibitors. This research evidences that this land use change exerted a significant effect on soil microbial biomass, and shows that in pine plantations there is a dominance of the fungal component, in contrast to the native savanna, in which the bacterial biomass dominates. The substitution of native savanna by pine plantation in Uverito promotes a major soil carbon sequestration. The values of the inhibitor additivity ratio (IAR) as for native savanna as pine system, were both >1.0. The total combined inhibition (TCI) was smaller in the pine systems, from which it is possible to infer that a high proportion of microbial biomass was affected by the combination of the inhibitors. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (3): 977-989. Epub
“…Gross, Casagrande e Caetano (2004) consideram comum a prática de inoculação de micorrizas em viveiros de mudas de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, com o objetivo de favorecer o desenvolvimento das mudas no pós-plantio.…”
RESUMOEste artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre as micorrizas e aspectos relacionados com seu uso em espécies florestais e na biorremediação. As informações obtidas na literatura já comprovaram que os fungos ectomicorrízicos podem ser muito importantes no estímulo ao crescimento de mudas e árvores. Quanto à biorremediação, estes fungos são promissores na capacidade de degradar poluentes em solos contaminados. Nesse sentido, são apresentados os benefícios e usos destes microrganismos e as características das ectomicorrizas (ECM), que são promissoras para uso nestes processos. Apresentam-se informações sobre o uso potencial de ECM para a remediação de poluentes orgânicos persistentes e de metais pesados, bem como alguns resultados já pesquisados. Demonstra-se que, internacionalmente, o enfoque das pesquisas sobre micorrizas tem se dado com novas perspectivas, além do uso convencional para o favorecimento do crescimento das plantas. Palavras-chave: recuperação de áreas contaminadas; simbiose; fungos; biotecnologia.
ABSTRACTThis article presents an overview of the aspects of mycorrhizas and their use in forest species and bioremediation. The information gathered from the literature had already indicated that ectomycorrhizal fungi may be very important to stimulate the growth of seedlings and trees. As for bioremediation, these fungi are promising in the ability to degrade pollutants in contaminated soils. In this sense, the benefits and uses of these microorganisms, and the characteristics of ectomycorrhizae (ECM) are presented herein, which are promising for use in these processes. Also, information on the potential use of ECM for the remediation of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals is presented, as well as some results already searched. It is shown that internationally, the focus of the research on mycorrhizae has occurred with new perspectives, beyond the conventional use to stimulate plant growth.
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