Ultrastructural studies on the replication of herpes virus ateles-73 in owl monkey kidney cells

Abstract

The replicative cycle of herpesvirus ateles, strain 73 (HVA-73), was examined in the electron microscope and compared to that of other herpesviruses known to be oncogenic. A relatively slow replicative cycle of HVA-73 in owl monkey kidney (OMK) cells allowed us to distinguish cytoplasmic and nuclear stages of replication, comprising virus uptake, transport, maturation, and extrusion. Virus uptake was observed within 10 hours of infection and occurred both as a result of fusion between virus and cell membranes and by phagocytosis. Morphologic evidence for the transfer of viral DNA from nuclecapsids to the nucleus at the nuclear membrane is presented. This is shown by the location of numerous empty capsids in front of nuclear pores early during infection. Towards the end of the eclipse phase, at about 48 hougs after infection, two different types of nuclear inclusion bodies were observed. Progeny nucleocapsids were detected in the nucleus at the same time. The envelopment of nucleocapsids occurred both at the nuclear membrane and at proliferating Golgi lamellae in the cytoplasm. Each site of envelopment is associated with the maturation of a characteristic, morphologically distinguishable virus particle. The assembly of HVA-73 resembled that of other oncogenic herpesviruses.

Human Cytomegalovirus morphogenesis: an ultrastructural study of the late cytoplasmic phases

“…Some of the conclusions presented by other authors, although based on observations similar to ours, are, in our opinion, in disagreement with current views on cell pathobiology. Our results, when compared with much previous evidence [16,27,28,30,41,17,19], indicate that, with the sole exception of the formation of DB and black holes which seem a characteristic feature of H C M V infected cells, there are no m a r k e d differences in intracellular development between H C M V and other members of the Herpesviridae family. In fact, besides the intrinsic biological properties of each individual virus, this behavior seems to be due to the stereotyped response capabilities of cultured cells to injurious stimuli.…”

“…Epstein [9] and Siminoff [46] proposed that some naked cytoplasmic virions bud through the plasma membrane. It cannot be ruled out that some intracytoplasmic double enveloped capsids may derive their membranes from two sequential buddings through the nuclear and/or RER membranes as suggested by some authors [7,22,23,28,34,48]. In this case their exit through fusion with the plasma membrane appears unlikely because of the incoherence between the two types of membranes.…”

Herpesviruses associated with mortalities among hatchery-reared larval Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas

“…10, routes N A 1 , B and C) is similar to larval oyster herpes-like virus replication. The replication of Gammaherpesvirinae (saimiriateles viruses) also involves intranuclear sacs with tubular elements and many dense fibrillar bodies (Tralka et al 1977, Luetzeler et al 19?9), but intranuclear tubular lamella-particle complexes (Tralka et al 1977), intranuclear electron-dense granules and occurrence of nucleocapsids within dense bodies (Luetzeler et al 1979) were not observed here. More importantly, the specificity of gammaherpesviruses for T and B lymphocytes (Roizman et al 1988) makes invertebrate infection unlikely.…”

The Herpesviruses

“…The ultrastructure of H. saimiri and H. ateles in OMK cells has been described in several morphological studies (Morgan et al, 1970(Morgan et al, , 1973Heine et al, 1971;Heine and Ablashi, 1974;Friedman et al, 1976;Banfield et al, 1977;Tralka et al, 1977;Luetzeler et al, 1979). The morphogenesis follows the same general principles as that of other herpes-group viruses.…”