Ultrastructural, Protein Composition, and Antigenic Comparison of Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus Purified From Four Genera of Psittacine Birds

Ritchie, Branson W.; Niagro, Frank D.; Latimer, Kenneth S.; Lukert, P. D.; Steffens, W. L.; Rakich, Pauline M.; Pritchard, Nancy

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-26.2.196

Cited by 56 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although Rep-and Cp-encoding ORFs are present in all circovirus genomes, other proteins may also be expressed by several circovirus species. For example, more than six ORFs have been identified in both avian and porcine circovirus genomes (e.g., [2,23]) and BFDV virions have been consistently found associated with up to three proteins [68,69]. Notably, porcine circoviruses (PCV-1 and PCV-2) are known to encode a third protein, denominated VP3, with apoptotic capacity [26,32,44] as well as a fourth one, ORF4, with a potential anti-apoptotic function [48].…”

Section: Genus Circovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Circovirus genomes range in size from *1.8 to *2.1 kb and are packaged within non-enveloped virions that have an icosahedral T = 1 structure and have an average diameter of *15 -25 nm [10,69,82,83]. All circovirus genomes have an ambisense organisation containing open reading frames (ORFs) arranged on different strands of a dsDNA replicative form.…”

Section: Genus Circovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the taxonomy of the family Circoviridae: establishment of the genus Cyclovirus and removal of the genus Gyrovirus

et al. 2017

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Section: Genus Circovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genus Circovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the taxonomy of the family Circoviridae: establishment of the genus Cyclovirus and removal of the genus Gyrovirus

et al. 2017

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“…Small eosinophilic intranuclear viral inclusions have been described in bone marrow hematopoetic cells, thymic lymphoblasts, and thymic reticular cells in experimentally inoculated chickens. 7,25 Large basophilic intranuclear inclusions have been described in epithelial cells in circovirus-infected psittacines 13,21 and pigeons. 24 These intranuclear inclusions usually have been described as non-membrane-bound round or ringshaped aggregates of finely granular material occasionally containing loosely aggregated viruslike particles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,8,14,16 Less commonly, they have been described as membrane-bound inclusions containing paracrystalline arrays of virus, identical to inclusions in the cytoplasm. 21,24 Inoculation of pigs with PK-15-derived PCV has not produced clinical disease. 2,27 Field strains of PCV have been associated with congenital tremors in newborn pigs 9,11 and, more recently, with a wasting disease in weaned pigs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of Porcine Circovirus in Persistently Infected PK-15 Cells

et al. 1999

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Abstract. The ultrastructure of porcine circovirus was examined in persistently infected porcine kidney (PK)-15 cells. Virus-infected PK-15 cells had large numbers of intracytoplasmic inclusions, and a few cells had intranuclear inclusions. Intracytoplasmic inclusions were dispersed throughout the cytoplasm but were most numerous in the perinuclear cytoplasm. Inclusion were of various sizes, round to oval, and electron dense and were of two general types. Inclusions of the first type were small (0.1-0.5 m diameter), not surrounded by trilaminar membranes, and granular with indistinct margins that blended with surrounding cytoplasm. Some contained 12 Ϯ 2-nm-diameter icosahedral virions in loose aggregates or rarely forming paracrystalline arrays. Small inclusions could be sites of viral assembly or maturation. Intracytoplasmic inclusions of the second type were larger (0.5-5.0 m diameter) and more numerous and had abrupt margins surrounded by trilaminar membranes. They were more electron dense than small inclusions and were heterogeneous, containing various proportions of aggregated virions, electron-dense crystalline lamellae of 5 nm periodicity, and/or whorls of myelinoid membranes. Virions usually formed paracrystalline arrays and occasionally were loosely aggregated. Larger inclusions were typical of autophagolysosomes. Intranuclear inclusions were not membrane bound and were often associated with reticulated nucleoli or aggregates of heterochromatin. Some inclusions were irregularly shaped aggregates of indistinct, circular 10-12-nm-diameter viruslike particles. Others were 0.1-1.0 m in diameter, round or ring shaped, dense, and finely granular, with sharply demarcated margins.

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“…Transmission occurs by inhalation or ingestion, including cloacal drinking, of the infective virus exported from sloughed feather follicles, feces with bile, and mucus secretion from crop, with high concentrations of virus detected in such tissues, and will appear in skin and feather dander and feces (Ritchie, 1995;Ritchie et al, 1990). Vertical transmission is suspected (Ritchie, 1995), similarly to chicken anemia virus and porcine circovirus 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnosis of Beak and Feather Disease in Native Brazilian Psittacines

Araújo

Andery

Ferreira

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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The incidence of the psittacine beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) was investigated in Brazilian native parrots with normal feathering arriving at rescue and triage centers for wild animals (CETAS, IBAMA) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. BFDV DNA was investigated by previously described PCR technique for the partial amplification of BFDV ORF-1 in DNA extracts from blood, cloacal swab or liver of psittacines. Some birds provided more than one sample. Nine species of psittacines were sampled between January 2009 and October 2010. Blood (n=46) or cloacal swab (n=128) samples were obtained from psittacines immediately upon arrival at the triage centers. Liver samples were collected from necropsied birds dead on arrival (n=167). All swab samples were negative, except for one Ara ararauna individual (n=3) which blood presented the BFDV DNA. On the other hand, 11 liver samples were positive for BFDV DNA, with a prevalence of 7.8% in Amazona aestiva (n=140). No BFDV DNA was detected in the liver of Amazona amazonica (n=11), A. vinacea (n=5), A. rhodochorytha (n=4), Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (n=3), Ara ararauna, (n=3), Aratinga leucophtalma (n=2), Guarouba guarouba (n=1) and Pionus maximiliani (n=1). In most cases, alopecia was not associated with BFDV detection in liver, and liver histopathology was inconclusive. Although all cloacal swab samples were negative, a few psittacines (n=19) that died at CETAS-Belo Horizonte were retested, and 21% were detected as positive in liver. A group of psittacines (n=16) was clinically evaluated, and despite showing feather dystrophy, all birds were negative in the cloacal swabs, except for one, which blood sample was positive (A. ararauna). The obtained sequences of the BFDV strains BH 215 and BH 732 were deposited in the GenBank (JQ649409 and JQ649410). A 98% similarity with strain sequences described in Australia, Japan, and New Zealand was observed. It is possible that these strains arrived in Brazil through the legal and illegal trade of parrots. However, it was not possible to associate BFDV infection with the geographical origin of birds and no local marker was detected. The rates of detection, although similar to other studies, indicate the tendency of a high incidence of the disease, possibly associated with stress, and high bird density and wide transmission in captivity conditions.

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Ultrastructural, Protein Composition, and Antigenic Comparison of Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus Purified From Four Genera of Psittacine Birds

Cited by 56 publications

References 9 publications

Revisiting the taxonomy of the family Circoviridae: establishment of the genus Cyclovirus and removal of the genus Gyrovirus

Revisiting the taxonomy of the family Circoviridae: establishment of the genus Cyclovirus and removal of the genus Gyrovirus

Ultrastructure of Porcine Circovirus in Persistently Infected PK-15 Cells

Molecular Diagnosis of Beak and Feather Disease in Native Brazilian Psittacines

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