Ultrastructural Observations on Giardiasis in a Mouse Model. II. Endosymbiosis and Organelle Distribution in Giardia muris and Giardia lamblia

Nemanic, Paulina C.; Owen, Robert L.; Stevens, David P.; Mueller, John C.

doi:10.1093/infdis/140.2.222

Cited by 41 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Some eukaryotic taxa have been shown to be intimately associated with bacteria in the form of endosymbioses, including Trichomonas vaginalis (Rappelli et al, 2001), Giardia (Nemanic et al, 1979), and Entamoeba (Ahmad, 1971). Trichomonas vaginalis is a major vaginal pathogen infecting 180 million people worldwide each year and causes vaginal inflammation as well as problems with pregnancy (Soper, 2004).…”

Section: Interplay Between Bacteria and Eukaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Human Health: An Integrative View

Clemente

Ursell

Parfrey

et al. 2012

Cell

3,017

2,259

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The human gut harbors diverse microbes that play a fundamental role in the well-being of their host. The constituents of the microbiota—bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes—have been shown to interact with one another and with the host immune system in ways that influence the development of disease. We review these interactions and suggest that a holistic approach to studying the microbiota that goes beyond characterization of community composition and encompasses dynamic interactions between all components of the microbiota and host tissue over time will be crucial for building predictive models for diagnosis and treatment of diseases linked to imbalances in our microbiota.

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Section: Interplay Between Bacteria and Eukaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Human Health: An Integrative View

Clemente

Ursell

Parfrey

et al. 2012

Cell

3,017

2,259

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“…Suc h a fact coul d explain th e lac k o f any mirror-imag e attachmen t o f th e striate d disk t o th e intestin e i n case s o f huma n biopsies 11 . Previous publication s di d no t provid e evidence o f ultrastructura l difference s betwee n Giardia muri s an d Giardi u lambli a trophozoites 12 , althoug h KULD A & NORYNKOVÁ* i n a revie w abou t Giardi a ultrastructure, hav e suggested that th e marginal plates i n Giardi a intestinalis ar e les s develope d than i n Giardia muris.…”

Section: According T O Holbertonmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…al. 12 wer e unabl e t o sho w difference s betwee n trophozoites o f Giardi a muri s fro m mic e an d those of Giardi a lamblia fro m man.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Giardia muris and Giardia duodenalis groups: ultrastructural differences between the trophozoites

Sogayar

Gregório

1989

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYTrophozoites o f th e Giardi a muri s grou p fro m hamsters , domesti c rat s an d mice an d o f th e Giardi a duodenali s grou p fro m hamster s an d domesti c rat s wer e examined b y transmissio n electro n microscopy . Th e basi c ultrastructur e o f th e trophozoites wa s similar. Difference s wer e show n in th e morphology o f th e ventrolateral flang e of th e trophozoite s o f Giardi a muris an d Giardia duodenalis groups. Marginal plate s are less developed in the specie s of th e Giardia duodenalis group. I n this group , th e dista l extremit y o f th e latera l flang e i s shor t an d thic k an d th e marginal plat e doe s no t penetrat e int o th e dista l extremit y o f th e flange . I n th e Giardia muris group, th e ventro-lateral flang e is well developed and narrow an d th e marginal plate penetrate s th e distal extremity o f th e flange. The osmiophilic lamella , which accompanie s th e dorsa l surfac e o f th e margina l plat e i s see n onl y i n th e Giardia muri s group .KEY WORDS : Giardi a muris; Giardi a duodenalis; Trophozoite, Ultrastructure . INTRODUCTIONBased o n th e media n bod y morpholog y and th e trophozoite' s siz e an d shap e on e ca n differentiate Giardi a muri s an d Giardi a duodenalis b y ligh t microscopy 4 . Th e dat a i n the literatur e abou t suc h differentiatio n b y electron microscop y ar e scarce. NEMANIC et. al.12 wer e unabl e t o sho w difference s betwee n trophozoites o f Giardi a muri s fro m mic e an d those of Giardi a lamblia fro m man.Taking i n accoun t thes e result s an d since the morpholog y o f Giardi a from hamster s an d domestic rat s ha d no t bee n describe d yet , w e decided t o stud y comparativel y th e ultrastructure o f Giardi a muri s an d Giardi a duodenalis trophozoite s foun d i n hamsters , domestic rat s and mice. MATERIAL AND METHOD SGiardia specie s fro m naturall y infecte d animals wer e previousl y identifie d b y ligh t microscopy. Smear s o f faece s or mucos a wer e fixed wit h Schaudinn' s solutio n an d staine d with Heidenhain' s haematoxylin . Th e species of Giardi a wer e identifie d b y morphologica l features an d trophozoit e lengt h an d widt h measurements, at 1.00 0 x magnification .Trophozoites o f th e Giardi a muri s grou p from hamsters , domesti c rat s (Rattu s rattu s rattus) an d mic e and Giardia duodenalis grou p from hamster s an d domesti c rat s wer e used . Fragments o f th e host' s mucos a were fixe d i n 2.5% glutaraldehyd e buffere d a t p H 7. 3 wit h 0.1M phosphat e buffer, post-fixed i n 1 % osmic tetroxide i n th e sam e buffer an d embedde d i n Araldite. Th e ultrathi n section s wer e staine d with urany l acetat e an d lea d citrat e an d examined wit h a n E M 30 1 Philip s electro n microscope. RESULTSThe basi c ultrastructur e o f th e trophozoites o f Giardi a uiuri s grou p fro m hamsters , domestic rat N an d mic e and Giardia duodenalis group fro m hamster s and domestic rat s i s similar. Th e trophozoite s hav e a microtubuia r adhesive disk surrounded b y a n adj...

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“…In this case, the surface saccharide ligands of the superficial membrane are altered by the presence of intracellular bacterial symbionts, so that in axenic protozoa cured of their endosymbionts, a possible decrease in adhesion or in invasive abilities can be observed (Phillips, 1973; Dwyer and Chang, 1976). Also in Giardia , in the past decade, ultrastructural observations of Giardia muris in a murine model revealed endosymbiotic microbes which, according to the authors, could be related to variation in the trophozoite pathogenicity, metabolism, range of infectivity, antigenic surface characteristics, and host specificity (Nemanic et al, 1979). More recently, the presence of Giardia trophozoites harboring peripheral bacterial endosymbionts was also demonstrated by El-Shewy and Eid (2005).…”

Section: Protozoansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between parasites and microbial communities in the human gut

Berrilli¹,

Cave²,

Cavallero³

et al. 2012

Front. Cell. Inf. Microbio.

122

114

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The interactions between intestinal microbiota, immune system, and pathogens describe the human gut as a complex ecosystem, where all components play a relevant role in modulating each other and in the maintenance of homeostasis. The balance among the gut microbiota and the human body appear to be crucial for health maintenance. Intestinal parasites, both protozoans and helminths, interact with the microbial community modifying the balance between host and commensal microbiota. On the other hand, gut microbiota represents a relevant factor that may strongly interfere with the pathophysiology of the infections. In addition to the function that gut commensal microbiota may have in the processes that determine the survival and the outcome of many parasitic infections, including the production of nutritive macromolecules, also probiotics can play an important role in reducing the pathogenicity of many parasites. On these bases, there is a growing interest in explaining the rationale on the possible interactions between the microbiota, immune response, inflammatory processes, and intestinal parasites.

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Ultrastructural Observations on Giardiasis in a Mouse Model. II. Endosymbiosis and Organelle Distribution in Giardia muris and Giardia lamblia

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

The Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Human Health: An Integrative View

The Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Human Health: An Integrative View

Giardia muris and Giardia duodenalis groups: ultrastructural differences between the trophozoites

Interactions between parasites and microbial communities in the human gut

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