Ultrastructural evidence of autoinfection in the gills of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua infected with Loma sp. (phylum Microsporidia)

Rodríguez-Tovar, Luis E.; Wadowska, Dorota; Wright, Glenda M.; Groman, David B.; Whelan, Darryl S.

doi:10.3354/dao057227

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In cross sections, the coils appeared as a pair of beaded extensions along the two inner sides of the spore wall. The same observation was reported by Sprague (1966), Rodriguez-Tovar et al (2003), andMcGourty et al (2007). Numerous macroscopic, black cysts (xenomas), ranging in size from 3 to 5 mm, were observed throughout the abdominal cavity of the infected fish being embedded in different organs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Microsporidian parasites: a danger facing marine fishes of the Red Sea

et al. 2010

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Out of 600 marine fish from the Red Sea belonging to three different species that were collected and examined for microsporidian parasites, 87 (14.5%) fish were found to be infected. The infection was recorded as cysts or xenomas embedded in the gut epithelium and the peritoneal cavity of the three fish species. The highest percent of infection with microsporidian parasites was recorded in Saurida tumbil 19.5% (39/200) followed by Pagrus pagrus 15% (45/300) and the lowest percent of infection was recorded in Epinephelus chlorostigma 3% (three out of 100). After rupture of the cysts, the spores were released and examined by light microscopy. Each spore was elongated to ellipsoidal in shape and possessed a posterior vacuole which is characteristic to phylum Microspora. They measure 1.6 ± 0.5 μm (1.5-2.4 μm) × 1.3 ± 0.1 μm (1.3-2.0 μm) in Saurida tumbil and Pagrus pagrus, respectively. The spores of Pleistophora sp recorded from E. chlorostigma were ovoid to pyriform in shape and measure 1.9 ± 0.5 μm (1.8-2.7 μm) × 1.6 ± 0.4 μm (1.5-2.4 μm).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Microsporidian parasites: a danger facing marine fishes of the Red Sea

et al. 2010

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“…Furthermore, L. salmonae -associated reductions in growth were associated with xenoma onset and accompanied by a reduction in feed intake (Ramsay et al 2004). It is not known whether zebrafish recover from Pseudoloma or if auto-infection occurs as is believed to occur for some fish-infecting microsporidia (Rodriguez-Tovar et al 2003; Matos et al 2003; Kent and Speare 2005). With Pseudoloma infections, zebrafish did not recover over the duration of the study and they were smaller in size at wk 20 PE than the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudoloma neurophilia infections in zebrafish Danio rerio: effects of stress on survival, growth, and reproduction

Ramsay¹,

Watral²,

Schreck³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Pseudoloma neurophilia (Microsporidia) is a common disease of zebrafish, Danio rerio, including those used as research models. We conducted a study comprised of four separate experiments to determine the effects of husbandry stress on pre-existing and experimental Pseudoloma infections and the subsequent effects on survival, infection onset and intensity, fish growth and reproduction. In fish (AB strain) with pre-existing infections, stress or feeding cortisol significantly increased mortality over 7 wk compared to no stress or cortisol treatment. In contrast, no mortality was observed in fish (TL strain) experimentally-exposed to Pseudoloma over 10 wk. A third experiment involved experimental exposure of AB fish to Pseudoloma and exposure to crowding and handling stressors. No mortality was associated with Pseudoloma regardless of stress treatment over a 20 wk period. However, the onset of infection occurred sooner in stress-treated fish. Stress significantly increased the mean intensity of infection (described as xenoma area/spinal cord area in histological sections) at wk 20 PE (post-exposure). In fish with pre-existing infections, myositis was significantly greater in stressed and cortisol-treated fish than those not stressed. With experimental exposure of AB fish, stressed and infected groups weighed significantly less than the control group at wk 20 PE. Regarding fecundity, the number of larvae hatched at 5 days post fertilization was negatively associated with mean infection intensity among Pseudoloma-infected and stressed AB fish. These experiments are the first to show empirically that Pseudoloma can be associated with reduced weight and fecundity, and that stress can exacerbate the severity of the infection.

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“…Autoinfection has been proposed for other microsporidia, such as Loma sp. in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (Rodriguez-Tovar et al 2003) and the Amazonian fish Myrophis platyrhynchus (Matos et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and morphology of Glugea hertwigi from rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax found in Prince Edward Island, Canada

Lovy¹,

Kostka²,

Dyková³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Infection of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax with the microsporidian Glugea hertwigi was diagnosed for the first time in Prince Edward Island, Canada. The prevalence of infection was 24%, 45 infected out of 187 examined fish captured in February and March 2009. Both large and small xenomas of G. hertwigi observed within the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and along the mesentery of the host contained only mature spores. Advanced and degraded xenomas associated with host reaction were described using light and transmission electron microscopy. The first rDNA sequence of G. hertwigi prepared in the present study completed the set of sequences of Glugea spp. available for comparison. The high level of rDNA sequence identity between Glugea spp. suggests that these may be variants of a single species.

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Ultrastructural evidence of autoinfection in the gills of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua infected with Loma sp. (phylum Microsporidia)

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Microsporidian parasites: a danger facing marine fishes of the Red Sea

Microsporidian parasites: a danger facing marine fishes of the Red Sea

Pseudoloma neurophilia infections in zebrafish Danio rerio: effects of stress on survival, growth, and reproduction

Phylogeny and morphology of Glugea hertwigi from rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax found in Prince Edward Island, Canada

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