Ultrastructural Evidence for the Viral Etiology of Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Zook, Bernard C.; King, Norval W.; Robison, Rodney L.; McCombs, H. L.

doi:10.1177/030098586800500112

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Specific peritoneal sonographic features have not been well described in FIP, however, in the author's experience (DT), abnormal hypoechoic tissue, which typically appears as contiguous thickened sheets, can be seen dissecting throughout the mesentery and lining peritoneal surfaces. This material is thought to correspond to the histologically reported fibrinous serositis/peritonitis described with FIP . Carcinomatosis and FIP have similar mesenteric sonographic findings to lymphomatosis, however, the index of suspicion for lymphomatosis should increase in the presence of either a focally diffuse nonobstructive intestinal mass or focally diffuse eccentric gastric mass with loss of wall layering.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Sonographic features of peritoneal lymphomatosis in 4 cats

Morgan

North

Thompson

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundThe metastatic spread of feline lymphoma to the peritoneum (“lymphomatosis”) has been rarely reported in the literature. The sonographic features specific to this rare disease manifestation have not been described and have important treatment and prognostic considerations prompting definitive diagnosis.ObjectivesTo describe the ultrasonic features of feline peritoneal lymphomatosis.AnimalsFour cats with alimentary lymphoma and peritoneal metastasis confirmed using cytology, histology, or both.ResultsThe sonographic features described include either a nonobstructive, focally diffuse, and circumferential intestinal mass, or an eccentric, focally diffuse, gastric mass. The intestinal and gastric lesions exhibited hypo‐to‐anechoic transmural wall thickening with loss of wall layering in association with discrete‐to‐coalescing plaques or sheets of thickened, hypoechoic tissue throughout the mesentery or omenta. All cases exhibited only small volumes of anechoic free peritoneal fluid. Three of the 4 cats also had multiple small hypoechoic nodular foci on the parietal and/or visceral peritoneal surfaces. Two cats had bilateral renomegaly because of lymphoma invasion (2/4) and 1 cat had local lymphadenopathy secondary to lymphoma invasion (1/4).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePeritoneal lymphomatosis is a rare manifestation of lymphoma metastasis and to date appears to be associated specifically with B‐cell alimentary lymphoma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Sonographic features of peritoneal lymphomatosis in 4 cats

Morgan

North

Thompson

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Feline infectious peritonitis represents an uncommon secondary form of a common i n a p p a r e n t or mild p r i m a r y illness of cats (15). The F I P agent has strong morphologie and physical similarities to known coronaviruses (8,16,24,26). A possible antigenic relationship between feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine has been recently reported (13,19,25), which further supports the assumption t h a t F I P V is a coronavirus.…”

Section: Introduetionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species

Pedersen

Ward²,

Mengeling

1978

Archives of Virology

136

116

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Utilizing the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody procedure, the antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) to 7 other human and animal coronaviruses was studied. FIPV was found to be closely related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus and FIPV were in turn antigenically related to human coronavirus 229E (HCV-229E) and canine coronavirus (CCV). An interesting finding in the study was that the 8 coronaviruses selected for this study fell into one of two antigenically distinct groups. Viruses in each group were antigenically related to each other to varying degrees, but were antigenically unrelated to coronaviruses of the second group. The first antigenically related group was comprised of mouse hepatitis virus, type 3 (MHV-3), hemeagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus 67N (HEV-67N) of swine, calf diarrhea coronavirus (CDCV), and human coronavirus 0C43 (HCV-OC43). The second antigenically related group was comprised of FIPV, TGEV, HCV-229E and CCV.

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“…This has been demonstrated in cultivated macrophages (Jacobse-Geels and Horzinek, 1983) and by experimental studies which showed that aerosol application of FIPV results in infection of macrophages and persistent cell-associated viremia (Weiss and Scott, 1981a, b). Electron microscopical examinations demonstrated virus replication in peritoneal macrophages, mesothelial cells, and degenerating macrophages in inflammatory lesions (Zook et al, 1968;Hayashi et al, 1978;Weiss and Scott, 1981b). However, in our study, even activated mesothelial cells did not stain positive for coronavirus antigen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cellular composition, coronavirus antigen expression and production of specific antibodies in lesions in feline infectious peritonitis

Kipar¹,

Bellmann²,

Kremendahl³

et al. 1998

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

114

191

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Twenty-three cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were examined by light microscopy including immunohistology and histochemistry in order to determine the cellular composition and the expression of viral antigen in lesions in FIP. Furthermore, the presence of plasma-cells producing coronavirus-specific antibodies was evaluated in situ. Macrophages and neutrophils were demonstrated by an antibody against calprotectin (leukocyte protein L1, myeloid/histiocyte antigen), neutrophils were recognized due to their chloroacetate esterase activity, and B- and T-lymphocytes were identified by antibodies against the CD3 antigen and the CD45R antigen, respectively. Expression of viral antigen was immunohistologically demonstrated by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against coronavirus while coronavirus-specific antibodies in situ were identified by the application of feline coronavirus prior to the coronavirus antibody. Lesions were classified as diffuse alterations at serosal surfaces, granulomas with areas of necrosis, granulomas without extended necrosis, focal and perivascular lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates, and granulomatous-necrotizing vasculitis. Diffuse alterations on serosal surfaces were represented either by activated mesothelial cells with single coronavirus antigen-bearing macrophages or by layers of precipitated exudate containing single to numerous granulomas with areas of necrosis. In liver and spleen, the exudate was often underlaid by a small band of subcapsular B-cells with an occasional plasma-cell producing coronavirus-specific antibodies. In other locations, a variably broad band of B-cells and plasma-cells, often infiltrating between underlying muscle fibers, separated the exudate from the unaltered tissue. Some of these plasma-cells were positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies. In granulomas with areas of necrosis, the central necrosis was surrounded by macrophages usually expressing considerable amounts of viral antigen. Few B-cells and plasma-cells were found in the periphery. In granulomas without extended necrosis, the number of macrophages were lower. Only few macrophages expressing low amounts of viral antigen were present. B-cells and plasma-cells formed a broad rim. Few plasma-cells stained positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies. In both types of granulomas, few neutrophils were found between macrophages. Few T-cells were seen scattered throughout the lesions. Focal and perivascular lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates were mainlyseen in omentum and leptomeninx. B-cells were the predominant cells; some plasma-cells were positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies. Viral antigen was not readily detected in these alterations. Granulomatous-necrotizing vasculitis was occasionally found in kidneys and leptomeninx. It was dominated by macrophages which often stained strongly positive for coronavirus antigen. Different types of alteration were often seen in the same animal and even the same tissue. There was no obvious correlation between the cat's age, gross pathological changes...

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Ultrastructural Evidence for the Viral Etiology of Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Sonographic features of peritoneal lymphomatosis in 4 cats

Sonographic features of peritoneal lymphomatosis in 4 cats

Antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species

Cellular composition, coronavirus antigen expression and production of specific antibodies in lesions in feline infectious peritonitis

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