Ultrastructural effects of acetamizuril on endogenous phases of Eimeria tenella

Liu, Huan; Chen, Huiya; Fei, Chenzhong; Wang, Xiaoyang; Zheng, Wenli; Wang, Mi; Zhang, Keyu; Zhang, Lifang; Li, Tao; Xue, Feiqun

doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4861-9

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…At the present moment, the ultra-microstructure of E. tenella at each stage has been well studied (Cacho et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2016). By studying the changes of the ultra-microstructure of coccidia at each stage after drug action, we can reveal the possible drug action stage and target from the perspective of morphology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Qingchang Oral Liquid on Second Generation Merozoite of the Chicken Eimeria tenella

Zhiqiang

Li‐zhi

Wengui

et al. 2021

Braz. J. Poult. Sci.

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To determine the effect of Qingchang Oral Liquid (QOL) on second generation merozoite of chicken E. tenella, healthy Roman pink chickens were randomly divided into model group and QOL group (drug group), and both groups of chicks were inoculated with 5×10 4 sporulated oocysts by oral gavage. Then, the drug group was given QOL at a dose of 2.4 ml/kg, and the model group was given the same volume of normal saline. After 120 hours of inoculation, both groups of experimental chickens were killed at the same time, their caecum tissues were collected, the second generation merozoite were separated, the ultramicrostructure of the second generation merozoite were observed with transmission electron microscope and the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis proportion of the second generation merozoite were analyzed with flow cytometer. The current results suggested that QOL could cause swelling and vacuoles of mitochondria, swelling of endoplasmic reticulum and damage of outer membrane in the second generation merozoite of E. tenella. Compared with the model group, the drug group could increase the total apoptosis rate of the second generation merozoite (p<0.01), and reduce the depolarization rate of mitochondrial membrane potential (p<0.01). Conclusion: QOL can directly affect the outer membrane and mitochondria of the second generation merozoite of E. tenella, reduce the depolarization rate of mitochondrial membrane potential of the second generation merozoite and increase the apoptosis rate of the second generation merozoite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Qingchang Oral Liquid on Second Generation Merozoite of the Chicken Eimeria tenella

Zhiqiang

Li‐zhi

Wengui

et al. 2021

Braz. J. Poult. Sci.

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“…These proteins also regulate host cell signaling pathways and downstream gene expression [28][29][30]. The microneme and ROP levels were reduced or dissipated after EZL treatment in second-generation schizonts and merozoites, indicating that EZL most likely disturbs the invasion process of E. tenella [31]. In the present study, microneme protein 2 (MIC2) was upregulated in strain R10 and significantly upregulated in strain R200 compared with strain S. MIC2 is a 50-kDa acidic protein in the microneme organelles of sporozoites and merozoites and is crucial for the interaction between the parasite and host at the time of invasion [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of ethanamizuril-resistant versus -sensitive strains of Eimeria tenella

et al. 2022

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Background Avian coccidiosis is an important parasitic disease that has serious adverse effects on the global poultry industry. The extensive use of anticoccidial drugs has resulted in an increase in drug resistance. Ethanamizuril (EZL) is a novel triazine with high anticoccidial activity. Methods We compared oocyst production and sporulation between EZL-sensitive (S) and EZL-resistant Eimeria tenella strains (R10 and R200) and used label-free quantitative proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between these strains. Results We generated two EZL-resistant E. tenella strains: strain R10, which was induced using a constant dose of 10 mg EZL/kg poultry feed, and strain R200, which was generated by gradually increasing the EZL dosage to 200 mg EZL/kg poultry feed. With an increase in resistance, the total oocyst output decreased, but the percentage of sporulation did not change significantly. We identified a total of 7511 peptides and 1282 proteins, and found 152 DEPs in the R10 strain versus the S strain, 426 DEPs in the R200 strain versus the S strain and 494 DEPs in the R200 strain versus the R10 strain. When compared with the S strain, 86 DEPs were found to have consistent trends in both resistant strains. The DEPs were primarily involved in ATP and GTP binding, invasion, and membrane components. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of the DEPs suggested that they are involved in transcription and translation processes. Protein–protein interaction network analysis of the 86 DEPs showed that 10 proteins were hubs in the functional interaction network (≥ 8 edges) and five of them were ribosomal proteins. Conclusions The results of the present study indicate that the resistance mechanisms of E. tenella against EZL might be related to the transcriptional and translational processes, especially in the factors that inhibit the growth of parasites. The DEPs found in this study provide new insights into the resistance mechanisms of E. tenella against EZL. Further research on these potential targets holds promise for new chemotherapeutic approaches for controlling E. tenella infections. Graphical Abstract

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“…The invasion of sporozoites of E. tenella could also be inhibited significantly by interaction with Et SAG1 monoclonal antibody 2H10E3 [23]. Interestingly, the damage to the membrane structure of E. tenella could be clearly observed under the action of EZL [9]. After NZL and EZL treatment, SAGs were significantly downregulated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EZL also exhibited similar high anticoccidial activity at a dosage of 10 mg/kg in feed [8]. As a result of EZL treatment, the differentiation of the second-generation schizonts and microgamonts, the shape of merozoites, the formation of oocyst wall and zygotes were affected in varying degrees, and mRNA expression and translation of enolase were downregulated [9, 10]. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of NZL and EZL are not clear yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic analysis of the second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella under nitromezuril and ethanamizuril stress

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundEimeria tenella is a highly pathogenic coccidian that causes avian coccidiosis. Both nitromezuril (NZL) and ethanamizuril (EZL) are novel triazine compounds with high anticoccidial activity, but the mechanisms of their action are still unclear. This study explored the response of E. tenella to NZL and EZL by the study of changes in protein composition of the second-generation merozoites.MethodsLabel-free quantification (LFQ) proteomics of the second-generation merozoites of E. tenella following NZL and EZL treatment were studied by LC-MS/MS to explore the mechanisms of action. The identified proteins were annotated and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks analysis.ResultsA total of 1430 proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS, of which 375 were considered as differential proteins in response to drug treatment (DPs). There were 26 only found in the NZL treatment group (N-group), 63 exclusive to the EZL treatment group (E-group), and 80 proteins were present in both drug groups. In addition, among the DPs, the abundant proteins with significantly altered expression in response to drug treatment (SDPs) were found compared with the C-group, of which 49 were upregulated and 51 were downregulated in the N-group, and 66 upregulated and 79 downregulated in the E-group. Many upregulated proteins after drug treatment were involved in transcription and protein metabolism, and surface antigen proteins (SAGs) were among the largest proportion of the downregulated SDPs. Results showed the top two enriched GO terms and the top one enriched pathway treated with EZL and NZL were related, which indicated that these two compounds had similar modes of action.ConclusionsLFQ proteomic analysis is a feasible method for screening drug-related proteins. Drug treatment affected transcription and protein metabolism, and SAGs were also affected significantly. This study provided new insights into the effects of triazine anticoccidials against E. tenella.

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Ultrastructural effects of acetamizuril on endogenous phases of Eimeria tenella

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Influence of Qingchang Oral Liquid on Second Generation Merozoite of the Chicken Eimeria tenella

Influence of Qingchang Oral Liquid on Second Generation Merozoite of the Chicken Eimeria tenella

Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of ethanamizuril-resistant versus -sensitive strains of Eimeria tenella

Proteomic analysis of the second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella under nitromezuril and ethanamizuril stress

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