Ultrastructural deposition forms and bioaccessibility of carotenoids and carotenoid esters from goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.)

Hempel, Judith C.; Schädle, Christopher N.; Sprenger, Jasmin; Heller, Annerose; Carle, Reinhold; Schweiggert, Ralf M.

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.065

Cited by 94 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Tubular chromoplasts are bundles of elongated, sometimes branched, tubes that can reach up to 10 μm in length (Sitte et al 1980) and have been found in many flowers and fruits (Camara et al 1995; Schweiggert and Carle 2017). They are anisotropic structures with a birefringence property due to the presence of liquid-crystalline carotenoids, including β-carotene, and are sinks of lipid-dissolved carotenoid esters (Schweiggert et al 2012; Hempel et al 2017; Schweiggert and Carle 2017). The composition of tubes can be diverse, and lutein may constitute even a half of the lipophilic fraction, as was found in Palisota barteri (Knoth et al 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique chromoplast organisation and carotenoid gene expression in carotenoid-rich carrot callus

Oleszkiewicz

Klimek-Chodacka

Milewska‐Hendel

et al. 2018

Planta

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Main conclusionThe new model orange callus line, similar to carrot root, was rich in carotenoids due to altered expression of some carotenogenesis-associated genes and possessed unique diversity of chromoplast ultrastructure.Callus induced from carrot root segments cultured in vitro is usually pale yellow (p-y) and poor in carotenoids. A unique, non-engineered callus line of dark orange (d-o) colour was developed in this work. The content of carotenoid pigments in d-o callus was at the same level as in an orange carrot storage root and nine-fold higher than in p-y callus. Carotenoids accumulated mainly in abundant crystalline chromoplasts that are also common in carrot root but not in p-y callus. Using transmission electron microscopy, other types of chromoplasts were also found in d-o callus, including membranous chromoplasts rarely identified in plants and not observed in carrot root until now. At the transcriptional level, most carotenogenesis-associated genes were upregulated in d-o callus in comparison to p-y callus, but their expression was downregulated or unchanged when compared to root tissue. Two pathway steps were critical and could explain the massive carotenoid accumulation in this tissue. The geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase gene involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoid precursors was highly expressed, while the β-carotene hydroxylase gene involved in β-carotene conversion to downstream xanthophylls was highly repressed. Additionally, paralogues of these genes and phytoene synthase were differentially expressed, indicating their tissue-specific roles in carotenoid biosynthesis and metabolism. The established system may serve as a novel model for elucidating plastid biogenesis that coincides with carotenogenesis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00425-018-2988-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique chromoplast organisation and carotenoid gene expression in carotenoid-rich carrot callus

Oleszkiewicz

Klimek-Chodacka

Milewska‐Hendel

et al. 2018

Planta

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“…Some studies using this new standardized methodology have already surfaced . However, because this model has not been designed to specifically digest carotenoid‐rich foods, we consider that further advanced adjustments are required to improve the base model proposed by Minekus et al .…”

Section: In Vitro Digestion Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tubules are often associated with plastoglobules, resulting in the name globular‐tubular chromoplast. The latter type has been found in red pepper, Goji berries and mamey sapote fruit . Crystalloid chromoplasts are characterized by the presence of crystalized carotenoids, which are commonly easily observed by light microscopy.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Carotenoid Bioaccessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccessibility of carotenoids from plant and animal foods

2019

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The frequent consumption of carotenoid‐rich foods has been associated with numerous health benefits, such as the supply of provitamin A. To exert these health benefits, carotenoids need to be efficiently liberated from the food matrix, micellized in the small intestine, taken up by the enterocytes and absorbed into the human blood stream. Enormous efforts have been made to better understand these processes. Because human studies are costly, labor‐intense and time‐consuming, the evaluation of carotenoid liberation and micellization at the laboratory scale using simulated in vitro digestion models has proven to be an important tool for obtaining preliminary results prior to conducting human studies. In particular, the liberation from the food matrix and the intestinal micellization can be mimicked by simulated digestion, yielding an estimate of the so‐called bioaccessibility of a carotenoid. In the present review, we provide an overview of the carotenoid digestion process in vivo, the currently used in vitro digestion models and the outcomes of previous bioaccessibility studies, with a special focus on correlations with concomitantly conducted human studies. Furthermore, we advocate for the on‐going requirement of better standardized digestion protocols and, in addition, we provide suggestions for the complementation of the acquired knowledge and current nutritional recommendations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…This Carotenoid, together with Lutein and Cryptoxanthin, accumulates primarily in the frontal and occipital cortices of the brain, where it exerts a neuroprotective activity, and lower concentrations are associated with lower cognitive functions [5]. Since Zeaxanthin, as its isomer (Lutein), passes the blood-retina barrier of the eye, it can also accumulate in the macula in higher concentrations than in other tissues, and it can prevent macular degeneration, acting as a filter of the blue light that enters the eye [6]. For this reason, they are also known as macular pigments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calabrian Goji vs. Chinese Goji: A Comparative Study on Biological Properties

Ruffo

Parisi

Amone

et al. 2017

Foods

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Lycium barbarum (Goji) fruits are mainly cultivated in northwestern China and are well known for their beneficial and healthy effects. In this work, the biological and functional properties of Calabrian Goji extract, obtained from Goji berries cultivated in the Sibari Plain (in the Italian region of Calabria), were demonstrated. In order to evaluate the use of this extract as a food supplement for cognitive and mental disorders, the quantification of Carotenoids as Zeaxanthin equivalents was made. The antioxidant activity was investigated by evaluating the scavenging properties against 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and by performing the ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assay. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was quantified by bleaching test and the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme and to scavenge nitric oxide radical was also evaluated. All the results were compared to those obtained from a Chinese Goji extract used as a reference. Based on the reported data, Calabrian Goji might be used as a food supplement with a possible application in cognitive disorders, mental impairments and other neurodegenerative diseases, due to its biological properties and the high levels of Carotenoids.

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Ultrastructural deposition forms and bioaccessibility of carotenoids and carotenoid esters from goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.)

Cited by 94 publications

References 33 publications

Unique chromoplast organisation and carotenoid gene expression in carotenoid-rich carrot callus

Unique chromoplast organisation and carotenoid gene expression in carotenoid-rich carrot callus

Bioaccessibility of carotenoids from plant and animal foods

Calabrian Goji vs. Chinese Goji: A Comparative Study on Biological Properties

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