Ultrastructural Data for the Practicing Plant Systematist

Stuessy, Tod F.

doi:10.1093/icb/19.2.621

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…In consideration of the importance of ultrastructural data for the plant systematist Stuessy (1979) concluded that in general there is a trend of more rapid response to environmental selection pressures in surface structures than more internal features. Thus, Stuessy contends, features within plant organs usually studied with TEM are more evolutionarily conservative and useful systematically at the higher levels in the taxonomic hierarchy than are surface features that are usually seen with SEM .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, Stuessy contends, features within plant organs usually studied with TEM are more evolutionarily conservative and useful systematically at the higher levels in the taxonomic hierarchy than are surface features that are usually seen with SEM . Pollen grains are unusual since both surface sculpture and internal structure of the wall are useful in angiosperm systematics from specific through ordinal and class hierarchies (Stuessy 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptability of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Studies of Pollen Morphology

Skvarla¹,

Rowley²,

Chissoe³

1988

Aliso

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We have explored methods to achieve excellent results in study of the pollen grain wall by using only one electron microscope, the scanning electron microscope (SEM). While the secondary electron imaging mode , the most common in use, has great value in characterizing the exine surface it is possible to obtain a more comprehensive representation of pollen grain walls by expanding the capability of the secondary mode and mak ing use of backscatter and transmission imaging detectors. In this way information is obtained about internal exine features that are likely to be more stable phylogeneticall y than the generally late-to-form surface structure. We illustrate the usefulness ofnatural and induced fractures, cryornicrotorny, thin-section examination, section deplasticization, localized acetolysis and pollen erosion by ionic bombardment in imaging exine structure. Techniques for expand ing the use of SEM in taxonomic stud ies of mature pollen grain walls are outlined in flow chart sketches and illustrated with numerous examples from angiosperm pollen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptability of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Studies of Pollen Morphology

Skvarla¹,

Rowley²,

Chissoe³

1988

Aliso

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“…Bremer (1978), Lane (1980), Lundgren (1972), Van Horn (1973) and Wussow and Urbatsch (1979) were able to use achene trichome characters in distinguishing among species groups within genera and between genera. The presence of both glandular and "twin" trichomes on achenes of members of a population of Picradeniopsis provided one line of evidence among several that hybridization had occurred between parental taxa having only one type each (Stuessy et aI., 1973;Stuessy, 1979). An approach more detailed than the simple observation of dried achenes was applied to the study of pericarps by Stuessy and Liu (1983), who used SEM to visualize the outer wall and also subsurface layers by chemical and mechanical removal of the outer wall.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kyhos and coauthors (1981) documented the hybrid origin of Encelia laciniata by several means, and showed the intermediacy of its foliar epidermis with SE micrographs; Semple and Semple (1977) did the same for Borrichia x cubana. Genus-wide or larger surveys of foliar epidermal cell patterns, trichomes, or epicuticular secretions similar to that of Hal1am and Chambers (1970) with Eucalyptus have not been published for members of Compositae, except for Chrysopsis (Semple et aI., 1980), despite indications that such surveys might be particularly fruitful areas of study (Barthlott, 1981;Stuessy, 1979).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present paper restricts itself for the most part to SEM studies, because LM has been treated elsewhere in this symposium (Scott; Sundberg), and because TEM reveals characters that are usually taxonomically useful at hierarchical levels above the genus (Stuessy, 1979). The SEM provides excellent resolution and depth of focus, and therefore seemingly threedimensional images of surface features (Heywood, 1968(Heywood, , 1971Juniper and Jeffree, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Features Observed by Electron Microscopy as Generic Criteria

Lane

1985

TAXON

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Summary The advantages of greater resolution and depth of field provided by the scanning electron versus the light microscope have led to both a re‐evaluation of the usual microcharacters and discovery of novel ones not easily observed by other means. Comparative studies of SEM‐level characters in taxa of Compositae have shown that they are taxonomically useful, but that they are neither more nor less valuable as a means of generic delimitation than are macro‐ or micromorphological ones. As is true of taxonomic data from any source, it is the consistent occurrence of one or more SEM‐observed features as a part of a suite of correlated characters that provides sufficient information on which to base systematic decisions. Within this context, it is the newly discovered characters that prove most useful: the chance of finding correlated character suites rises with the number of characters observed. However, because the extent of infraspecific variation in these features has not been thoroughly explored, they should be employed with caution and in conjunction with numerous others in making taxonomic decisions at the generic (or any other) rank.

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The Wettstein tesseract: A tool for conceptualising species‐rank decisions and illustrating speciation trajectories

Oberprieler

2022

TAXON

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Genealogy-based species-delimitation approaches resting upon multilocus sequence data aim at arranging organisms into species taxa (the "grouping" step in a classification procedure), but provide no criteria for the subsequent decision of whether these taxa should be acknowledged as species in the Linnaean classification system (the "ranking" step). By integration of genealogical, morphological, ecological, and geographical patterns as proposed by von Wettstein (1898), species-rank decisions can be conceptualised in a reproducible manner and comprehensibly depicted in a four-dimensional hypercube (the herewith introduced "Wettstein tesseract"). Additionally, the Wettstein tesseract provides a tool for illustrating and teaching components and properties of speciation pathways realised in nature.

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Ultrastructural Data for the Practicing Plant Systematist

Cited by 12 publications

References 98 publications

Adaptability of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Studies of Pollen Morphology

Adaptability of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Studies of Pollen Morphology

Features Observed by Electron Microscopy as Generic Criteria

The Wettstein tesseract: A tool for conceptualising species‐rank decisions and illustrating speciation trajectories

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