Ultrastructural changes to the tegumental system and gastrodermal cells of adult Fasciola hepatica following treatment in vivo with a commercial preparation of myrrh (Mirazid)

Abstract

An in vivo study in the laboratory rat model has been carried out to monitor changes to the tegument and gut of adult Fasciola hepatica following treatment with myrrh ('Mirazid'). Rats infected with the triclabendazole-resistant Dutch isolate were dosed orally with Mirazid at a concentration of 250 mg/kg and flukes recovered 2, 3 and 7 days post-treatment (pt). The flukes were processed for examination by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A variety of changes to the external surface were observed, culminating in the sloughing of the tegumental syncytium. Internal changes to the syncytium and tegumental cell bodies were more severe and were evident from 2 days pt onwards. Swelling of the basal infolds (leading to flooding of the surface layer) and a decline in secretory body production were the major changes seen. The gastrodermal cells were less severely affected than the tegument, pointing to a trans-tegumental route of uptake for Mirazid by the fluke. Some loss of muscle fibres in the main somatic muscle layers was observed, which may be correlated with the decline in movement of flukes seen at recovery.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of In Vitro Effects of Tinospora cordifolia on Gastrothylax crumenifer

“…Ultrastructure study of treated Gastrothylax crumenifer, Fasciola hepatica, Cotylophoron cotylophorum and Fasciola gigantica shows alterations on worm architecture after treatment with some medicinal plants whereas treatment with synthetic drug indicates less effective as compare to medicinal plants (Abdelaal et al, 2016;Rajesh et al, 2016;Priya and Veerakumari, 2017;Rajesh et al, 2017;Ullah et al, 2017). Present findings derive support from these studies as tegumental changes were seen in both suckers, distorted genital pore with disorganized radial tegumental folds and blebs and swelling appeared on mid region of body of parasite.…”

“…Plant derived natural compounds are more stable and provide diversity that can prevent occurrence of resistance. Anthelmintic activity of herbal plants was revealed on the surface topography of amphistome parasites which were observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Nahla et al, 2012;Shalaby et al, 2012;Swarnakar et al, 2014b;Abdelaal et al, 2016;Lokesh and Veerakumari 2016;Shalaby et al, 2016;Swarnakar and Kumawat 2016;Rajesh et al, 2017;Roat and Swarnakar, 2017;Devi et al, 2018). The observations enlightened the anthelmintic effect of ethanol extract of medicinal plant extracts that could be used as antihelminthic agents against amphistome parasites in ruminants (Minsakorn et al, 2019;Menaria et al, 2020;Minsakorn et al, 2021).…”

Eurytrema coelomaticum: updated morphology of adult worms using advanced microscopy experiments

“…Hence, strategies are necessary to develop and test new and effective anthelmintic drugs (Srivastava & Misra-Bhattacharya, 2015). The detection of intrauterine eggs found in adult parasites, as performed in the present study, might also contribute to a better analysis of the action of relevant compounds on digenean flukes of human and veterinary importance, as determined by histology and light and electron microscopies (Hanna, 2015; Abdelaal et al ., 2016; Hanna et al ., 2016; Pereira et al ., 2016). Although a previous study has investigated the action of praziquantel and triclabendazole against Eurytrema pancreaticum adults (Jiraungkoorskul et al ., 2005), the treatment for E. coelomaticum remains unknown (Ilha et al ., 2005).…”

Therapeutic potential of Commiphora molmol extract loaded on chitosan nanofibers against experimental cryptosporidiosis

“…It has been used in the treatment of hypertension [20] , respiratory infections [21] , healing wound injuries, and ulcers [22] . C. molmol effectively treated protozoa [23,24] and helminths [25][26][27] infections. An increasing number of studies proved the safety of C. molmol in experimental studies at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day [28][29][30] .…”