Ultrastructural changes in synapses in the dentate gyrus of the rat during development

Cotman, Carl W.; Taylor, Dwan A.; Lynch, Gary

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(73)90089-9

Cited by 107 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These results are in accordance with those of other studies [1,6,25]. Further, asymmetri cal outnumbered symmetrical contacts at all ages; this too is comparable with data ob tained in other cortical studies [1,7,8]. There was a decrease in the number of symmetrical synapses with increasing age (table T), possi bly pointing to the symmetrical type being an immature form [9].…”

Section: Developmental Trendssupporting

confidence: 82%

Ultrastructural Investigation into the Influence of Ethanol on Synaptic Maturation in Rat Neocortex

Colangelo

1985

Dev Neurosci

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Male rats were exposed to ethanol vapour daily from 3 days of age, and their brains were examined at 7, 14, 21, 56 and 76 days postnatally. Control animals were examined at each age, with ethanol-rehabilitated animals being examined at 56 and 76 postnatal days. Tissue, stained with osmium tetroxide and with ethanolic-phosphotungstic acid, from the parietal cortex of each animal was analyzed by quantitative ultrastructural techniques. Most of the statistically significant findings occurred at days 56 and 76. When compared with controls, ethanol-treated material at 56 days was characterized by a decrease in the number of synapses which were larger and more spherical, with a greater number of synaptic vesicles and a decrease in dense projections. At 76 days there was an increase in the percentage of axospinous-symmetrical terminals in the ethanol-treated population. In ethanol-rehabilitated tissue at 56 days the synaptic terminals were relatively immature, and were smaller, with a reduced number of synaptic vesicles coupled with an increase in large cisternae and with more positively curved junctions. By 76 days this material was practically indistinguishable from control tissue. It is proposed that at 56 days of age synaptic remodelling is under way in the ethanol-treated material, whereas following rehabilitation the terminals are relatively immature and appear to be actively functioning. Low to moderate levels of ethanol administered postnatally have a limited effect on synaptic maturation.

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Section: Developmental Trendssupporting

confidence: 82%

Ultrastructural Investigation into the Influence of Ethanol on Synaptic Maturation in Rat Neocortex

Colangelo

1985

Dev Neurosci

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“…The spine apparatus is also simi lar to previous descriptions [Gray, 1959;Gray and Guillery, 1963b]. The function of complex spines is not known but their pres ence is not limited to man [Blackstad, 1967;Laatsch and Cowan, 1966;Cotman et al, 1973], These findings indicate that the synaptic pattern of the cerebral cortex in man although in many ways similar is different from that in other mammals. The present results will be used as the basis for assessing synaptic changes in neurological disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Electron-microscopic study of the synapses of the cerebral cortex in man

Galbraith¹

1980

Cells Tissues Organs

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With the electron microscope I have examined the structure of the synapses in the cerebral cortex of man. On both the pyramidal and stellate cells, there are only a few axosomatic synapses; all are symmetrical. Most of those in the neuropil are on dendritic spines and there is the occasional spine apparatus. Apart from the small number of axosomatic spines on the stellate cells, these findings are similar to those previously reported in other mammals.

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“…obs. ] and that stress and glucocorticoids increase the release of glutamate in the hippocampus [Moghaddam et al, 1994;Stein-Behrens et al, 1994], Temporal evidence from the developing animal supports the conjecture that adrenal steroids suppress cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus by modulating excitatory input; excitatory input to the dentate gyrus matures around the time that adrenal steroid levels begin to rise and the rate of cell prolifera tion diminishes [Crain et al, 1973;Cotman et al, 1973;Loy et al, 1977;Tremblay et al, 1988;compare with Schlessinger et al, 1975;Sapolsky and Meaney, 1986;Gould et al, 1991a], In addition, adrenal steroids may advance the development of excitatory input to the den tate gyrus during the postnatal period either by enhanc ing axonal ingrowth, synaptogenesis, or the expression of NMDA receptors. In adulthood, adrenal steroids may assist in the maintenance of mature levels of excitatory input by stabilizing axonal terminals or regulating the number of NMDA receptors on granule cells.…”

Section: Adrenal Steroids May Mediate Excitatory Inputmentioning

confidence: 80%

Regulation of Neuronal Birth, Migration and Death in the Rat Dentate Gyrus

Gould

Cameron²

1996

Dev Neurosci

182

103

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The granule cell population of the rat dentate gyrus forms over an extended period which begins during gestation and continues into adulthood. During the embryonic period, the postnatal period and in adulthood, granule cells proliferate, migrate and degenerate. We have found that granule cell production is dependent on the levels of circulating adrenal steroids and NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory input throughout life. In general, increases in adrenal steroid levels or NMDA receptor activation diminish the rate of cell proliferation whereas decreases in adrenal steroid levels or NMDA receptor activation increase the rate of cell production. This paper describes the regulation of granule cell proliferation, migration and survival by adrenal steroids and excitatory input and presents evidence that these factors may affect dentate gyrus-mediated behaviors.

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Ultrastructural changes in synapses in the dentate gyrus of the rat during development

Cited by 107 publications

References 4 publications

Ultrastructural Investigation into the Influence of Ethanol on Synaptic Maturation in Rat Neocortex

Ultrastructural Investigation into the Influence of Ethanol on Synaptic Maturation in Rat Neocortex

Electron-microscopic study of the synapses of the cerebral cortex in man

Regulation of Neuronal Birth, Migration and Death in the Rat Dentate Gyrus

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