“…The symptoms resulting from viroid infection can affect the whole plant (stunting), stems (shortening, thickening), bark (scaling, pitting, gumming), leaves (epinasty, rugosity, mosaic, chlorosis, mottling, browning), flowers (variegation), fruits (size, colour, deformation) and tubers (malformation). Morphological and cytological symptoms have also been well documented (Semancik and Conejero‐Tomas, 1987) as distortions of cell wall and plasma membrane (Momma and Takahashi, 1982; Semancik and Wanderwoude 1976), chloroplasts (Da Graça and Martin, 1981; Hari, 1980; Momma and Takahashi, 1982) and mitochondria (Paliwal and Singh, 1981).…”