Ultrastructural and molecular analyses of homozygous-viable Drosophila melanogaster muscle mutants indicate there is a complex pattern of myosin heavy-chain isoform distribution.

O'Donnell, Patrick T.; Collier, Venetia L.; Mogami, Kaname; Bernstein, Sanford I.

doi:10.1101/gad.3.8.1233

Cited by 78 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…This result is intriguing in that we previously documented another difference between the two TDT cell types in Mhc 7 and Mhc 9 mutants (O'Donnell et al, 1989). The mutants display normal numbers of thick filaments in the TDT muscle large cells but a reduced number in the small cells.…”

Section: Concluding Commentsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster muscle myosin heavy-chain gene

Hess

Singer

Trinh

et al. 2007

Gene Expression Patterns

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We show that a 2.6 kb fragment of the muscle myosin heavy-chain gene (Mhc) of Drosophila melanogaster (containing 458 base pairs of upstream sequence, the first exon, the first intron and the beginning of the second exon) drives expression in all muscles. Comparison of the minimal promoter to Mhc genes of ten Drosophila species identified putative regulatory elements in the upstream region and in the first intron. The first intron is required for expression in four small cells of the tergal depressor of the trochanter (jump) muscle and in the indirect flight muscle. The 3′ end of this intron is important for Mhc transcription in embryonic body wall muscle and contains AT-rich elements that are protected from DNase I digestion by nuclear proteins of Drosophila embryos. Sequences responsible for expression in embryonic, adult body wall and adult head muscles are present both within and outside the intron. Elements important for expression in leg muscles and in the large cells of the jump muscle flank the intron. We conclude that multiple transcriptional regulatory elements are responsible for Mhc expression in specific sets of Drosophila muscles. KeywordsDrosophila melanogaster; muscle; myosin heavy chain; transcription; enhancer; gene regulation Drosophila melanogaster is unusual in having a single muscle myosin heavy-chain gene (Mhc) (Bernstein et al., 1983;Rozek and Davidson, 1983), rather than a Mhc multigene family (see Emerson and Bernstein, 1987 for review). Alternative splicing of the primary transcripts from this gene yields multiple isoforms of the protein (Collier et al., 1990;George et al., 1989;Hastings and Emerson, 1991;Kazzaz and Rozek, 1989;Kronert et al., 1991;Zhang and Bernstein, 2001). Drosophila Mhc is expressed in all muscles at embryonic, larval, pupal and adult stages. Thus several stage-or muscle-specific enhancer elements may regulate its transcription.Transcriptional regulatory regions for a number of Drosophila muscle genes have been mapped, resulting in the identification of both unique and shared cis-acting elements (Arredondo et al., 2001;Kelly et al., 2002;Marin et al., 2004;Mas et al., 2004;Meredith and Storti, 1993). The latter includes E-boxes that bind helix-loop-helix transcription factors and MEF2 sites that bind MEF2 protein (Bour et al., 1995; Lilly et al., 1995). E-boxes, MEF2 sites and their binding factors positively regulate vertebrate muscle gene expression as well (see Molkentin and Olson, 1996 for review).* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-619-594-5629; fax: +1-619-594-5676; E-mail address: sbernst@sunstroke.sdsu.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal dis...

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Section: Concluding Commentsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster muscle myosin heavy-chain gene

Hess

Singer

Trinh

et al. 2007

Gene Expression Patterns

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“…Myosin Expression Levels-Transgenic lines were crossed into the Mhc 10 background, and expression levels were determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as described previously (29). Six dissected upper thoraces from 2-day-old female transgenic flies were homogenized in 60 l of SDS gel buffer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Interactions between Myosin Relay and Converter Domains That Power Muscle Function

Kronert

Melkani

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Dissecting the molecular mechanism of muscle myosin function in vivo has proved difficult. Results: Transgenic fruit flies expressing mutant myosin and potential suppressor mutations suggest interacting amino acids. Conclusion: Communication between a relay domain residue and one in the converter is likely critical to myosin motor function. Significance: The transgenic system allows mapping of putative protein interactions essential for muscle contraction.

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“…There are generally 26-28 large cells and four small cells (O'Donnell et al, 1989;Peckham et al, 1990). The cells are visualized in paraffin sections cut horizontal to the axis of the muscle (Fig.…”

Section: Variation In Tdt Fiber Number In Drosophila Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossveinless and the TGFβ pathway regulate fiber number in theDrosophilaadult jump muscle

et al. 2009

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Skeletal muscles are readily characterized by their location within the body and by the number and composition of their constituent muscle fibers. Here, we characterize a mutation that causes a severe reduction in the number of fibers comprising the tergal depressor of the trochanter muscle (TDT, or jump muscle), which functions in the escape response of the Drosophila adult. The wildtype TDT comprises over 20 large muscle fibers and four small fibers. In crossveinless (cv) mutants, the number of large fibers is reduced by 50%, and the number of small fibers is also occasionally reduced. This reduction in fiber number arises from a reduction in the number of founder cells contributing to the TDT at the early pupal stage. Given the role of cv in TGFβ signaling, we determined whether this pathway directly impacts TDT development. Indeed, gain-and loss-of-function manipulations in the TGFβ pathway resulted in dramatic increases and decreases, respectively, in TDT fiber number. By identifying the origins of the TDT muscle, from founder cells specified in the mesothoracic leg imaginal disc, we also demonstrate that the TGFβ pathway directly impacts the specification of founder cells for the jump muscle. Our studies define a new role for the TGFβ pathway in the control of specific skeletal muscle characteristics.

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Ultrastructural and molecular analyses of homozygous-viable Drosophila melanogaster muscle mutants indicate there is a complex pattern of myosin heavy-chain isoform distribution.

Cited by 78 publications

References 50 publications

Transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster muscle myosin heavy-chain gene

Transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster muscle myosin heavy-chain gene

Mapping Interactions between Myosin Relay and Converter Domains That Power Muscle Function

Crossveinless and the TGFβ pathway regulate fiber number in theDrosophilaadult jump muscle

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