Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Properties of Peripheral Blood Cells of Piebald Naked Carp (Gymnocypris eckloni)

Abstract

The ultrastructural and cytochemical properties of peripheral blood cells of Gymnocypris eckloni were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and a range of cytochemical techniques to provide clear insight into the structure and function of blood cells from this fish. Ultrastructurally, erythrocytes, leucocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes), thrombocytes and plasma cells were identified in the peripheral blood of G. eckloni. The most special ultrastructural characteristics of blood cells in this fish were that neutrophils exhibited only one type of cytoplasmic granules containing an eccentric, spherical or oval electron-dense core, and eosinophils presented two types of granules with non-uniform electronic density and without crystalloids in their cytoplasm. Neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and thrombocytes were positive for periodic acid-Schiff and α-naphthyl acetate esterase staining. Intense peroxidase positive staining was observed in neutrophils and monocytes, but not in eosinophils, lymphocytes and thrombocytes. Neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes were stained positively for acid phosphatase, whereas lymphocytes and thrombocytes did not stain. Leucocytes and thrombocytes were negative for alkaline phosphatase and Sudan black B staining. Erythrocytes were negative for all cytochemical staining. The cytochemical and ultrastructural features of peripheral blood cells of G. eckloni were similar to those of other fish species. However, some important differences were identified in G. eckloni.

Hematological and cytochemical characteristics of peripheral blood cells in the argus snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus Cantor)

“…Few fish other than tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) ( Ueda et al, 2001 ) have both eosinophils and basophils. Most fish have only eosinophils without basophils ( Gao et al, 2007b ; Milad et al, 2016 ; Motlagh et al, 2012 ; Rio-Zaragoza et al, 2011 ; Vázquez & Guerrero, 2007 ; Zheng et al, 2016 ). Few fish have only basophils without eosinophils ( Shigdar, Harford & Ward, 2009 ; Da Silva et al, 2011 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ), and some fish have neither eosinophils nor basophils ( Chen et al, 2019a ; Da Silva et al, 2011 ; Fang et al, 2014 ; Tavares-Dias & Moraes, 2004 ; Zhang et al, 2011 ).…”

“…Bianchi et al (2014) described the cell morphology and cytochemical characteristics of a native South America catfish ( Sorubim lima ). Zheng et al (2016) investigated the ultrastructure and cytochemical properties of the peripheral blood cells of the piebald naked carp ( Gymnocypris eckloni ) by transmission electron microscopy. Zhang et al (2019) compared the microstructure and cytochemical characteristics of peripheral blood cells in the crucian carp ( Carassius auratus ) and grass carp ( Ctenpharyngodon idellus ).…”

Cytochemical characterization of peripheral blood cell populations of two Cyprinidae, Carassius auratus and Ctenopharyngodon idellus

“…Although the monocytes of crucian carp were negative, there was very light staining around their nucleus. The examination of peroxidase reactivity of leukocytes was carried out in striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ), channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ; Petrie‐Hanson & Ainsworth, ), gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ), carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), naked carp ( Gymnocypris eckloni ; Zheng et al., ), Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ; Ronneseth, Wergeland, & Pettersen, ), shovelnose sturgeon ( Scaphirhynchus platorynchus ; Palic, Beck, Palic, & Andreasen, ), Arctic grayling ( Thymallus arcticus ; Palic et al., ), cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki ; Palic et al., ), wrasse ( Labrus bergylta A . ), lungfish ( Lepidosiren paradoxa ; Ribeiro et al., ), fat snook ( Centropomus paralellus ) (da Silva et al., ) and goldfish ( Carassius auratus ).…”

“…One milliliter of blood per fish was collected from the cauda using a 1 ml syringe pretreated by EDTA as anticoagulant and smears were made and air‐dried. For each test, ten blood smears per fish were prepared and performed with every stain (Bricker, Raskin, & Densmore, ; Tripathi et al., ; Zheng et al., ).…”

The contribution of fish models in understanding of blood disorders

“…Both human and fish eosinophils nucleus has agglomerations of heterochromatin. In cytoplasm are Golgi apparatus, vesicles, free ribosomes, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (Vázquez and Guerrero, 2007;Zheng et al, 2017;Melo and Weller, 2018). Generally, fish eosinophils have relatively large granules with a diameter about 0.8 μm (Fänge, 1992) while human eosinophils have azurophilic and specific granules that measure up to 0.5 μm (Melo and Weller, 2018).…”