Ultrastructural analysis of viral infection in the brown-tide alga, Aureococcus anophagefferens (Pelagophyceae)

Gastrich, Mary Downes; Anderson, O. Roger; Benmayor, Sharon S.; Cosper, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-37-4-300.1

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The growth parameters calculated through the one-step growth experiments were similar to those previously estimated by transmission electron microscopy, 48 to 72 h and 1,300 infectious particles cell Ϫ1 (36). The burst size of HcV was comparable to that of Chrysochromulina ercina virus (CeV) (30), and the latent period was somewhat longer than those of the other microalgal viruses reported to date (5,7,14,25,31). Of course, it should be noted that these parameters are affected by the physiological condition of the host cells (3).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Growth Characteristics and Intraspecies Host Specificity of a Large Virus Infecting the Dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama

Nagasaki¹,

Tomaru

Tarutani³

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The growth characteristics and intraspecies host specificity of Heterocapsa circularisquama virus (HcV), a large icosahedral virus specifically infecting the bivalve-killing dinoflagellate H. circularisquama, were examined. Exponentially growing host cells were more sensitive to HcV than those in the stationary phase, and host cells were more susceptible to HcV infection in the culture when a higher percent of the culture was replaced with fresh medium each day, suggesting an intimate relationship between virus sensitivity and the physiological condition of the host cells. HcV was infective over a wide range of temperatures, 15 to 30°C, and the latent period and burst size were estimated at 40 to 56 h and 1,800 to 2,440 infective particles, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that capsid formation began within 16 h postinfection, and mature virus particles appeared within 24 h postinfection at 20°C. Compared to Heterosigma akashiwo virus, HcV was more widely infectious to H. circularisquama strains that had been independently isolated in the western part of Japan, and only 5.3% of the host-virus combinations (53 host and 10 viral strains) showed resistance to viral infection. The present results are helpful in understanding the ecology of algal host-virus systems in nature.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Growth Characteristics and Intraspecies Host Specificity of a Large Virus Infecting the Dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama

Nagasaki¹,

Tomaru

Tarutani³

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…After propagation of culture filtrate through A. anophagefferens cultures for 10 generations, TEMs of cultures infected with viruses at 48 h displayed inclusions of virus-like particles which were nearly identical to those previously reported for wild blooms ( Fig. 2A; Sieburth et al 1988) and laboratory cultures (Gastrich et al 1998). Moreover, individual VLPs external to the cells observed with TEM resembled the morphology and size of those in the cells (Fig.…”

Section: Initial Isolation and Propagation Of Aavsupporting

confidence: 84%

Ecological aspects of viral infection and lysis in the harmful brown tide alga Aureococcus anophagefferens

Gobler¹,

Anderson²,

Gastrich³

et al. 2007

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Although many bloom-forming phytoplankton are susceptible to viral lysis, the persistence of blooms of algal species that are susceptible to viral infection suggests that mechanisms prohibiting or minimizing viral infection and lysis are common. We describe the isolation of viruses capable of lysing the harmful brown tide pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens and an investigation of factors which influence the susceptibility of A. anophagefferens cells to viral lysis. Nine strains of A. anophagefferens-specific viruses (AaV) were isolated from 2 New York estuaries which displayed 3-order of magnitude differences in ambient A. anophagefferens cell densities. The host range of AaV was species-specific and AaV was able to lyse 9 of 19 clonal A. anophagefferens cultures, suggesting that resistance to viral infection is common among these algal clones. Viral lysis of A. anophagefferens cultures was delayed at reduced light intensities, indicating that the low light conditions which prevail during blooms may reduce virally induced mortality of this alga. Some A. anophagefferens clones which were resistant to viral infection at 22°C were lysed by AaV at lower temperatures, suggesting that the induction of viral resistance at higher temperatures could allow the proliferation of blooms during summer months. The addition of laboratory propagated viruses to bottle-incubated bloom waters (>10 5 cells ml -1) from New York and Maryland estuaries resulted in a significant reduction in (p < 0.05), but not complete loss of, A. anophagefferens densities, suggesting that a resistant sub-population survived during experiments. In summary, the results demonstrate that clonal resistance, combined with the lower light levels and higher temperatures which are found during brown tides, may allow A. anophagefferens to form blooms during summer months.

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“…Most of the microalgal viruses isolated so far are large dsDNA viruses; MpV and CbV have been classified in the family Phycodnaviridae as well as the typical virus PBCV-1 infecting an exsymbiotic Chlorella-like alga (Van Etten 2000), and PpV (Jacobsen et al 1996), BtV (Gastrich et al 1998), HaV (Nagasaki & Yanaguchi 1997), HcV (Tarutani et al 2001), EhV , PoV, and CeV (Sandaa et al 2001) are also similar in size, shape, and genome type. Therefore, they may belong to the family Phycodnaviridae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of two distinct types of HcRNAV, a single-stranded RNA virus infecting the bivalve-killing microalga Heterocapsa circularisquama

Tomaru¹,

Katanozaka²,

Nishida³

et al. 2004

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

131

194

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Ultrastructural analysis of viral infection in the brown-tide alga, Aureococcus anophagefferens (Pelagophyceae)

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

Growth Characteristics and Intraspecies Host Specificity of a Large Virus Infecting the Dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama

Growth Characteristics and Intraspecies Host Specificity of a Large Virus Infecting the Dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama

Ecological aspects of viral infection and lysis in the harmful brown tide alga Aureococcus anophagefferens

Isolation and characterization of two distinct types of HcRNAV, a single-stranded RNA virus infecting the bivalve-killing microalga Heterocapsa circularisquama

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