Ultrastructural alterations of the capillaries and venules in the central nervous system of pigs after experimental coli endotoxin shock

Drommer, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00687547

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This neurotoxin triggers oedema disease in pigs which is known for its shock-like course (43). Characteristic for the toxin is its strongly damaging effect on blood vessels (5,6). Apart from the kidney, other organs are affected, in particular liver and lung.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Renal Changes in Experimental Prolonged Shock*

Kaup¹,

Drommer²,

Langer³

et al. 1984

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A

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IntroductionKnowledge about the complex syndrome shock with its many clinical and pathophysiological states in animal and man has increased significantly in recent years. The set of pathological and anatomical problems has changed accordingly (29). By standardized animal experiments, in particular, it has been possible to obtain details about the intravascular processes during the acute phase of shock (11,14,18,40). Disturbances in the microcirculation (17, 2O, 31,42) result in lesions of the endothelium (13,24) which in turn lead to interstitial oedema in various organs such as lung (19, 28), kidney (4, central nervous system (5, 6), or the gastrointestinal system (12). In the later stages of shock the lungs and kidneys of man, in particular, show massive perivascular and interstitial reactions in the form of cellular infiltration and fibrosis (21,34). Compared with other animal species, the rat possesses marked resistance to endotoxin and is thus especially suitable for experiments on protracted shock (47). In pigs the neurotoxin from Escherichia coli 0 139 : K 82 (B), designated vasotoxin (3), induces oedema disease which is shock-like in its course. After the application of this toxin in rats and pigs, severe shock-induced vascular damage was found in diverse organs (7,9).The aim of this study was to record the light microscopical and ultrastructural changes in the interstitial regions of rat kidney for which a study of changes in the mesangial area has already been published (32). In particular, the sequence of perivascular and interstitial processes was determined and the relationship between the kind of cellular infiltration and the duration and intensity of shock was demonstrated. Material and MethodsFor the experiments 130 specific pathogen-free Han : Wistar rats weighing between 120 and 240 g were used. Thirty animals served as controls. Shock was induced by intravenous injection (tail vein) of neurotoxin from the Escherichiu coli strain EB 170, serotype 0 139 : K 82 (B) which had been produced by the extraction method (41). The ram received 1 to 4 or 8 neurotoxin injections at a dosage of 0.35mYkg body weight (12LDx, mouse); the controls received a corresponding mount of physiological s h e . In three different experimental series the interval between injections varied * Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB 54, D 4. U.S. Copyright C l e m c e Center Code Statement: 07214981/84/310&-061~$02.5~/0 612 KAUP, DROMMER, LANCER and ROSENBRUCH between 2 and 31 days. The best results were obtained with one week between injections. The animals were sacrificed 6 hours to 79 days after the first injection. 27 animals died acutely within 24 hours after a neurotoxin injection; the others showed acute symptoms of shock after every injection, with ruffling of the fur, twisted body posture, dyspnoea and a high degree of apathy. This condition lasted as long as 5 days after each injection and was accompanied by severe weight loss up to 25 % of body weight. Most of the experimental animals were fixed whi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Renal Changes in Experimental Prolonged Shock*

Kaup¹,

Drommer²,

Langer³

et al. 1984

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A

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“…A systemic reaction of connective tissue leading to fibrosis can be observed in protracted shock of man and animals [2,3,11,12,17,18,211. The initiating factors are not known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphometric data of mesangial changes after protracted neurotoxin shock in pigs are available [2, 41. Several authors show that in protracted shock a reaction of connective tissue in various organs can be detected [3,18, 221. This study will clarify the reaction of the mesangium as mesenchymal tissue in the rat in long-lasting shock situations.…”

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Mesangium in Rats after E. coli Neurotoxin Shock: A Morphometric and Light Microscopic Analysis

Queisser

Drommer

1982

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. The renal corpuscles of 28 specific-pathogen-free Wistar rats fixed by perfusion were examined light microscopically and morphometrically following experimental protracted neurotoxin shock. The mean diameter of the center sections of 420 renal corpuscles was 1 13.0 pm. The mesangial portion occupied 9.5% of the total area of the renal corpuscle in control rats and increased to a maximum of 17.25% in experimental rats. The number of mesangial nuclei per renal corpuscle in rats with protracted shock showed that expansion of the mesangium with compression of capillary loops was not caused solely by an increase in the number of cells. Furthermore, there was an enlargement of the mesangial cytoplasm and matrix. Activation and proliferation of connective tissue in rats with protracted shock could be observed in the interstitium of various organs as well as in the mesangium of the glomerulus.Many publications exist on shock [l, lo], however, little attention has been given to an increase in the mesangium of the glomerulus of the kidney following shock. Morphometric data of mesangial changes after protracted neurotoxin shock in pigs are available [2, 41. Several authors show that in protracted shock a reaction of connective tissue in various organs can be detected [3,18, 221. This study will clarify the reaction of the mesangium as mesenchymal tissue in the rat in long-lasting shock situations. This investigation assesses various parameters of the renal corpuscle of the rat by a quantitative-morphologic method. The rats in this experiment were submitted to various shock intensities and duration by the application of one to four Escherichiu coZi neurotoxin injections. As parameters for a possible mesangial reaction, we determined the area of the glomerulus capsule, the corresponding mesangial area, and the number of mesangial nuclei. In addition to normal values in the rat, we intended to ascertain possible changes in the mesangium. As an alternative to the point-counting method, a simpler, more direct, and thereby faster technique for morphometric evaluations of the glomerulus was used. Materials and MethodsTwenty-eight specific-pathogen-free Wistar rats (13 male, 15 female) were analyzed. Eight of them comprised the control group. The initial body weight of the 55-to 74-day-old rats was between 156 and 218 g. The rats were kept in separate metabolism cages and fed a commercial

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“…These toxins are called "neurotoxin" although they do not affect the Central Nervous System (CNS) primarily but lead to distinct disturbances of the permeability in the CNS. Vascular lesions due to disturbances of the permeability were seen in the CNS, the intestinal tract and the kidney of swine (3,5,6,7,8) and in several rat organs (9, 10). Septic shock plays an important role not only in man, but also in animals.…”

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Ultrastructural glomerular alterations in experimentally induced neurotoxin shock in rats

Martin

Drommer

Kaup

1984

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Summary Shock was induced in 37 SPF‐Han Wistar rats by intravenous injections of E. coli neurotoxin; 16 control animals received physiological saline solution. The main glomerular lesions were present in the mesangium and the visceral epithelial cells and were less pronounced than the interstitial alterations after neurotoxin shock. The mesangial lesions appear to be similar to those in chronic interstitial nephritis in dogs and the visceral epithelial cells show comparable alterations to those, for example, in acute renal failure in man and acute hog cholera in swine. Zusammenfassung Ultrastrukturelle glomeruläre Veränderungen bei einem experimentell induzierten Neurotoxinschock an Ratten Ein Schock wurde bei 37 SPF‐Han Wistar Ratten durch intravenöse Injektionen von E. coli Neurotoxin induziert. 16 Kontrolltiere erhielten physiologische Kochsalzlösung. Die wichtigsten glomerulären Schädigungen zeigten sich im Mesangium und in den viszeralen Epithelzellen und waren weniger ausgeprägt als die interstitiellen Veränderungen nach Neurotoxinschock. Die mesangialen Schädigungen schienen ähnlich denjenigen einer chronischen interstitiellen Nephritis bei Hunden, und die viszeralen Epithelzellen zeigten Veränderungen, wie beim akuten Nierenversagen des Menschen und akuter Schweinepest. Résumé Lésions ultrastructurelles glomérulaires lors d'un choc neurotoxique induit expérimentalement chez des rats Un choc a été induit par des injections intraveineuses de neurotoxine de E. coli chez 37 rats SPF‐Han Wistar. 16 animaux de contrôle ont reçu une solution physiologique. Les principales lésions glomérulaires se sont manifestées dans le Mesangium et dans les cellules épithéliales viscérales et furent moins étendues que les lésions interstitielles après un choc dû à une néphrite interstitielle chronique chez des chiens et les cellules épithéliales viscérales présentèrent des lésions comparables par exemple à celles rencontrées lors d'un blocage rénal aigu chez l'être humain et d'une peste porcine aiguë. Resumen Alteraciones glomerulares ultraestructurales en choques neurotoxínicos inducidos experimentalmente en ratas Se indujo un choque en 37 ratas Wistar SPF‐Han mediante inyecciones endovenosas de neurotoxina de E. coli. 16 animales testigos recibieron solución salina fisiológica. Las lesiones glomerulares más importantes se mostraron en el mesangio y en las células epiteliales viscerales y eran menos marcadas que las modificaciones intersticiales tras el choque neurotoxínico. Las lesions mesangiales se asemejaban a las de una nefritis intersticial crónica en perros, y las células epiteliales viscerales ostentaban modificaciones comparables, por ej. con la insuficiencia renal aguda en el ser humano y con la peste porcina aguda.

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Ultrastructural alterations of the capillaries and venules in the central nervous system of pigs after experimental coli endotoxin shock

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Pathogenesis of Renal Changes in Experimental Prolonged Shock*

Pathogenesis of Renal Changes in Experimental Prolonged Shock*

Mesangium in Rats after E. coli Neurotoxin Shock: A Morphometric and Light Microscopic Analysis

Ultrastructural glomerular alterations in experimentally induced neurotoxin shock in rats

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