Abstract:Osteocytes are crucial cells that control bone responses to mechanical loading. However, the effects of mechanical loading on osteocytes around dental implants are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether mechanical loading via bone-integrated implants influences osteocyte number and morphology in the surrounding bone. Fourteen anodized Ti-6Al-4V alloy dental implants were placed in seven Japanese white rabbits, and implants in each rabbit were subjected to mechanical loading (50N, 3Hz for 180… Show more
“…In our study using dental implants, mechanical repetitive loading improved bone architecture by upregulation of osteocyte number and dendrite processes with preferential alignment of BAp c-axis/collagen fibers [22,125]. Moreover, we also demonstrated that preferential alignment of osteocytes is in accordance with the principal direction of mechanical load in an animal model using hip implants [96].…”
Section: Osteocytes In Bone Tissuesupporting
confidence: 65%
“…Recently, we have demonstrated that osteocytes become more spherical with increased dendrite processes under loaded conditions. Additionally, the number of osteocytes around dental implants significantly increased under loaded conditions, strongly suggesting that mechanical stimuli via dental implants change osteocyte shape and development of osteocyte network [125]. Hence, morphological alterations of osteocytes in response to mechanical stimuli may play an important role in controlling bone quality.…”
A B S T R A C TPurpose: The aim of this study was to present the current concept of bone quality based on the proposal by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and some of the cellular and molecular factors that affect bone quality. Study selection: This is a literature review which focuses on collagen, biological apatite (BAp), and bone cells such as osteoblasts and osteocytes. Results: In dentistry, the term "bone quality" has long been considered to be synonymous with bone mineral density (BMD) based on radiographic and sensible evaluations. In 2000, the NIH proposed the concept of bone quality as "the sum of all characteristics of bone that influence the bone's resistance to fracture," which is completely independent of BMD. The NIH defines bone quality as comprising bone architecture, bone turnover, bone mineralization, and micro-damage accumulation. Moreover, our investigations have demonstrated that BAp, collagen, and bone cells such as osteoblasts and osteocytes play essential roles in controlling the current concept of bone quality in bone around hip and dental implants. Conclusion: The current concept of bone quality is crucial for understanding bone mechanical functions. BAp, collagen and osteocytes are the main factors affecting bone quality. Moreover, mechanical loading dynamically adapts bone quality. Understanding the current concept of bone quality is required in dentistry.
“…In our study using dental implants, mechanical repetitive loading improved bone architecture by upregulation of osteocyte number and dendrite processes with preferential alignment of BAp c-axis/collagen fibers [22,125]. Moreover, we also demonstrated that preferential alignment of osteocytes is in accordance with the principal direction of mechanical load in an animal model using hip implants [96].…”
Section: Osteocytes In Bone Tissuesupporting
confidence: 65%
“…Recently, we have demonstrated that osteocytes become more spherical with increased dendrite processes under loaded conditions. Additionally, the number of osteocytes around dental implants significantly increased under loaded conditions, strongly suggesting that mechanical stimuli via dental implants change osteocyte shape and development of osteocyte network [125]. Hence, morphological alterations of osteocytes in response to mechanical stimuli may play an important role in controlling bone quality.…”
A B S T R A C TPurpose: The aim of this study was to present the current concept of bone quality based on the proposal by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and some of the cellular and molecular factors that affect bone quality. Study selection: This is a literature review which focuses on collagen, biological apatite (BAp), and bone cells such as osteoblasts and osteocytes. Results: In dentistry, the term "bone quality" has long been considered to be synonymous with bone mineral density (BMD) based on radiographic and sensible evaluations. In 2000, the NIH proposed the concept of bone quality as "the sum of all characteristics of bone that influence the bone's resistance to fracture," which is completely independent of BMD. The NIH defines bone quality as comprising bone architecture, bone turnover, bone mineralization, and micro-damage accumulation. Moreover, our investigations have demonstrated that BAp, collagen, and bone cells such as osteoblasts and osteocytes play essential roles in controlling the current concept of bone quality in bone around hip and dental implants. Conclusion: The current concept of bone quality is crucial for understanding bone mechanical functions. BAp, collagen and osteocytes are the main factors affecting bone quality. Moreover, mechanical loading dynamically adapts bone quality. Understanding the current concept of bone quality is required in dentistry.
“…Nevertheless, the characterization of the LCN remains difficult today due its location embedded within the opaque, mineralized matrix and its complexity. Conventional 2D imaging techniques such as light microscopy 10,11 , transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 12 , scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 13 , and atomic force microscopy (AFM) 14 have been previously used to investigate the LCN. Based on 2D data, lacunae are typically described as flattened ellipsoids with an average area of about 20-70 µm 2 , an average length of about 14-25 µm and an average width of about 5-10 µm 15,16 , and the canaliculi are described as channels with an average diameter of about 100-600 nm 17,18 .…”
cécile olivier 1,2 , peter cloetens 2 & françoise peyrin 1,2* Recently, increasing attention has been given to the study of osteocytes, the cells that are thought to play an important role in bone remodeling and in the mechanisms of bone fragility. the interconnected osteocyte system is deeply embedded inside the mineralized bone matrix and lies within a closely fitted porosity known as the lacuno-canalicular network. However, quantitative data on human samples remain scarce, mostly measured in 2D, and there are gaps to be filled in terms of spatial resolution. In this work, we present data on femoral samples from female donors imaged with isotropic 3D spatial resolution by magnified X-ray phase nano computerized-tomography. We report quantitative results on the 3D structure of canaliculi in human femoral bone imaged with a voxel size of 30 nm. We found that the lacuno-canalicular porosity occupies on average 1.45% of the total tissue volume, the ratio of the canalicular versus lacunar porosity is about 37.7%, and the primary number of canaliculi stemming from each lacuna is 79 on average. The examination of this number at different distances from the surface of the lacunae demonstrates branching in the canaliculi network. We analyzed the impact of spatial resolution on quantification by comparing parameters extracted from the same samples imaged with 120 nm and 30 nm voxel sizes. To avoid any bias related to the analysis region, the volumes at 120 nm and 30 nm were registered and cropped to the same field of view. Our results show that the measurements at 120 and 30 nm are strongly correlated in our data set but that the highest spatial resolution provides more accurate information on the canaliculi network and its branching properties.
“…The scanner software (Inveon Acquisition Workplace 2.2, Siemens Inc., Germany) was applied for image reconstruction and analyses. The bone around the implant with 0.5 mm thickness and 5.5 mm length (including 5 mm length of implant and 0.5 mm length of bone under the implant) was chosen as the region of interest (ROI) in each sample for microstructure analyses 26 (Fig. 2a), and parameters such as trabecular bone volume/total volume (Tb.BV/TV, %), trabecular number (Tb.N, mm −1 ), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th, mm), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp, mm) and bone mineral density (BMD, mg/cc) were measured.Figure 2Results of Micro-CT scan and analyses.…”
Osseointegration is the key to implant stability and occlusal support. Biomechanical response and remodeling of peri-implant bone occurs under impact loading. Sclerostin participates in bone formation and resorption through Wnt and RANKL pathways. However the mechanism of microdamage and expression of sclerostin in peri-implant bone under impact load is still unclear. In present study, specific impact forces were applied to the implants with favorable osseointegration in rabbits. The microdamage of peri-implant bone and the expression of sclerostin, β-catenin and RANKL during the process of bone damage and remodeling were investigated by micro-CT, histology, immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR analysis. Interface separation and trabecular fracture were found histologically, which were consistent with micro-CT analyses. Throughout remodeling, bone resorption was observed during the first 14 days after impact, and osseointegration and normal trabecular structure were found by 28 d. The expression of sclerostin and RANKL increased after impact and reached a maximum by 14 d, then decreased gradually to normal levels by 28 d. And β-catenin expression was opposite. Results indicated that sclerostin may involve in the peri-implant bone damage caused by impact and remodeling through Wnt/β-catenin and RANKL/RANK pathways. It will provide a new insight in the diagnosis and treatment for patients suffering impact.
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