Ultrastructural alterations of human cortical capillary basement membrane in human brain oedema

Abstract

A b s t r a c t

Ultrastructural pathology of human peritumoural oedematous cerebellar cortex

“…The presence of extracellular electron dense de posits of proteinaceous oedema fluid and fibrinous organization, and the reduplicated capillary basement layering have also been described by us in severe traumatic brain injuries [7,8].…”

Increased vesicular and vacuolar transendothelial transport in traumatic human brain oedema. A review

“…7). These capillaries display notably oedematous pericytes also with an increased vesicular and vacuolar transport [9,18], and swollen glycogen-rich and glycogen-depleted astrocytic perivascular end-feet [14], indicating the route followed by the hematogenous oedema fluid.…”

“…Increased endothelial cell vesiculation has been earlier reported in anoxic-ischaemic lesions [30,31,36], experimental cerebral infarction [3], ionizing radiation [20], brain-stem lesion of thiamine-deficient rats [44], following intraventricular perfusion with serotonin, norepinephrine and cyclic AMP [63], ultraviolet irradiation [49], experimental seizures [46], hypertension [28,47,59], brain trauma [1,6,[12][13][14][15][16]18,21,31,47,48], congenital hydrocephalus [10,17], and brain tumours [23,50,[53][54][55].…”

“…Only some free and membrane-bound clathrin-coated vesicles are encountered. The endothelial junctions are structurally intact, and the astrocytary glial end-feet appear intimately applied to the basement membrane [6,8,11]. These "non-leaky" capillaries are not activated by the mechanical injury exerted by the intensity of brain trauma.…”

“…These vacuoles discharge their content directly into the basement membrane or by means of plasmalemmal vesicles. The basement membrane appears swollen, and abundant proteinaceous oedema fluid is seen separating the basement membrane from the perivascular glycogen-rich and glycogen depleted astroglial end-feet [11,14]. The latter are remarkably swollen and their limiting membranes appear fragmented.…”