Ultrastructural alterations in adult Schistosoma mansoni caused by artemether

Xiao, Shu-Hua; Shen, Baogen; Utzinger, Jürg; Chollet, Jacques; Tanner, Marcel

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762002000500023

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Ultrastructural analysis in vitro on the adult S. mansoni worms revealed that the tegument was the principal target for allicin. Observations verified by means of scanning electron microscopy on S. japonicum, S. mansoni and S. haematobium at different stages of development, which were obtained from animals treated with Artemether, a new antischistosomal drug, revealed that its target of action was also the tegument 34 .…”

Section: Ultrastructural Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Moreover, the tegument is the interface between the parasite and the host environment. Therefore, this structure of the parasite is an important target for drug action 33,34 . The present results demonstrated that treatment with garlic did not result in killing the S. mansoni worms; however, variations in the tegument between the groups treated with garlic were observed.…”

Section: Ultrastructural Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural study on the morphological changes to male worms of Schistosoma mansoni after in vitro exposure to allicin

Lima

Freitas

Morais

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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IIntroduction: Garlic has a wide range of actions, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal and anthelmintic actions. This antiparasitic activity has been attributed to allicin, which is the main constituent of garlic. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro activity of allicin on the tegument of adult Schistosoma mansoni worms using scanning electron microscopy. Methods: Swiss Webster mice were infected with S. mansoni cercariae (100 per mouse) and sacrificed 50 days later to acquire the adult worms. These worms were collected by perfusion and placed in RPMI medium 1,640 at 37°C before transferring to RPMI media containing 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20mg/mL of allicin, where they were incubated for 2h. The worms were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution, washed twice, post-fixed in osmium tetroxide, washed twice and then dehydrated with ascending grades of ethanol. The samples were air-dried, mounted on stubs, gold coated in an ion sputtering unit and viewed using a scanning electron microscope. Results: A concentration of 5mg/mL caused wrinkling in the tegument; a concentration of 10mg/ mL resulted in changes to tubercles and loss or modification of spines. With 15 and 20mg/mL increasing damage to the tegument could be seen, such as vesicle formation and the presence of ulcers. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the effect of allicin on adult S. mansoni worms and indicate that most of the changes occur at concentrations greater than that normally indicated for treatment.

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Section: Ultrastructural Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Ultrastructural Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural study on the morphological changes to male worms of Schistosoma mansoni after in vitro exposure to allicin

Lima

Freitas

Morais

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…These structures play vital roles in the immune evasion, nutrient absorption, and cholesterol metabolism of the host (13,50). Alterations in the surface ultrastructure of schistosome worms have been investigated by a number of authors in order to evaluate antischistosomal drugs (13,24,50,51,52,53). The present study thus examined the surface topography of male and female worms to determine the schistosomicidal effect of LpQM-45.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Anti-Schistosoma mansoni Activity of Thiosemicarbazones and Thiazoles

Santiago

Oliveira

Filho

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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f Schistosomiasis is a chronic and debilitating disease caused by a trematode of the genus Schistosoma and affects over 207 million people. Chemotherapy is the only immediate recourse for minimizing the prevalence of this disease and involves predominately the administration of a single drug, praziquantel (PZQ). Although PZQ has proven efficacy, there is a recognized need to develop new drugs as schistosomicides since studies have shown that repeated use of this drug in areas of endemicity may cause a temporary reduction in susceptibility in isolates of Schistosoma mansoni. Hydrazones, thiosemicarbazones, phthalimides, and thiazoles are thus regarded as privileged structures used for a broad spectrum of activities and are potential candidates for sources of new drug prototypes. The present study determined the in vitro schistosomicidal activity of 10 molecules containing these structures. During the assays, parameters such motility and mortality, oviposition, morphological changes in the tegument, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulatory activity caused by these compounds were evaluated. The results showed that compounds formed of thiazole and phthalimide led to higher mortality of worms, with a significant decline in motility, inhibition of pairing and oviposition, and a mortality rate of 100% starting from 144 h of exposure. These compounds also stimulated the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣), thereby demonstrating the presence of immunomodulatory activity. The phthalyl thiazole LpQM-45 caused significant ultrastructural alterations, with destruction of the tegument in both male and female worms. According to the present study, phthalyl thiazole compounds possess antischistosomal activities and should form the basis for future experimental and clinical trials.

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“…Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that has attracted increased focus and funding for control 16 . For humans, it is one of the most prevalent parasitism in the world, second behind malaria 40 . The World Health Organization (WHO) indicated that more than 200 million people are infected worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of antioxidant properties of aqueous garlic extract and Nigella sativa as anti-schistosomiasis agents in mice

Shenawy¹,

Soliman²,

Reyad³

2008

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

122

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant and anti-schistosomal activities of the garlic extract (AGE) and Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on normal and Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. AGE (125 mg kg -1 , i.p.) and NSO (0.2 mg kg -1 , i.p.) were administrated separately or in combination for successive 28 days, starting from the 1 st day post infection (pi). All mice were sacrificed at weeks 7 pi. Hematological and biochemical parameters including liver and kidney functions were measured to assess the progress of anemia, and the possibility of the tissue damage. Serum total protein level, albumin, globulin and cholesterol were also determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in the liver tissues as biomarkers for oxidative and reducing status, respectively. The possible effect of the treatment regimens on Schistosoma worms was evaluated by recording percentage of the recovered worms, tissue egg and oogram pattern. Result showed that, protection with AGE and NSO prevented most of the hematological and biochemical changes and markedly improved the antioxidant capacity of schistosomiasis mice compared to the infected-untreated ones. In addition, remarkable reduction in worms, tissue eggs and alteration in oogram pattern were recorded in all the treated groups. The antioxidant and antischistosomal action of AGE and NSO was greatly diverse according to treatment regimens. These data point to these compounds as promising agents to complement schistosomiasis specific treatment.

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Ultrastructural alterations in adult Schistosoma mansoni caused by artemether

Cited by 47 publications

References 38 publications

Ultrastructural study on the morphological changes to male worms of Schistosoma mansoni after in vitro exposure to allicin

Ultrastructural study on the morphological changes to male worms of Schistosoma mansoni after in vitro exposure to allicin

Evaluation of the Anti-Schistosoma mansoni Activity of Thiosemicarbazones and Thiazoles

The effect of antioxidant properties of aqueous garlic extract and Nigella sativa as anti-schistosomiasis agents in mice

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