Ultrastrong Coupling Regime and Plasmon Polaritons in Parabolic Semiconductor Quantum Wells

Geiser, Markus; Castellano, Fabrizio; Scalari, Giacomo; Beck, Mattias; Nevou, L.; Faist, Jérôme

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.106402

Cited by 185 publications

(204 citation statements)

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“…Intraband transitions, such as intersubband transitions (ISBTs) [1] and cyclotron resonance (CR) [22], are much better candidates for accomplishing ultrastrong coupling because of their small ω 0 , typically in the midinfared and terahertz (THz) range, and their enormous dipole moments (10s of e-Å). Experimentally, ultrastrong coupling has indeed been achieved in GaAs QWs using ISBTs [10,11] and CR [12,13]. In the latter case, a record high value of g/ω 0 = 0.87 has been reported [13].…”

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confidence: 84%

“…In addition, strong coherent light-matter interaction in a solid-state environment is of great interest to emerging quantum-based technologies [8,9]. However, creating a system that combines a long electronic coherence time, a large dipole moment, and a high cavity quality (Q) factor has been a challenging goal [10][11][12][13]. Here, we report collective ultrastrong light-matter coupling in an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas in a high-Q terahertz photonic-crystal cavity in a quantizing magnetic field, demonstrating a cooperativity of ∼360.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

et al. 2016

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Nonperturbative coupling of light with condensed matter in an optical cavity is expected to reveal a host of coherent many-body phenomena and states [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In addition, strong coherent light-matter interaction in a solid-state environment is of great interest to emerging quantum-based technologies [8,9]. However, creating a system that combines a long electronic coherence time, a large dipole moment, and a high cavity quality (Q) factor has been a challenging goal [10][11][12][13]. Here, we report collective ultrastrong light-matter coupling in an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas in a high-Q terahertz photonic-crystal cavity in a quantizing magnetic field, demonstrating a cooperativity of ∼360. The splitting of cyclotron resonance (CR) into the lower and upper polariton branches exhibited a √ ne-dependence on the electron density (ne), a hallmark of collective vacuum Rabi splitting. Furthermore, a small but definite blue shift was observed for the polariton frequencies due to the normally negligible A 2 term in the light-matter interaction Hamiltonian. Finally, the high-Q cavity suppressed the superradiant decay of coherent CR, which resulted in an unprecedentedly narrow intrinsic CR linewidth of 5.6 GHz at 2 K. These results open up a variety of new possibilities to combine the traditional disciplines of many-body condensed matter physics and cavity-based quantum optics.PACS numbers: 78.67. De, 76.40.+b, 78.47.jh Strong resonant light-matter coupling in a cavity setting is an essential ingredient in fundamental cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) studies [14] as well as in cavity-QED-based quantum information processing [8,9]. In particular, a variety of solid-state cavity QED systems have recently been examined [15][16][17][18], not only for the purpose of developing scalable quantum technologies, but also for exploring novel many-body effects inherent to condensed matter. For example, collective √ N -fold enhancement of light-matter coupling in an N -body system [19], combined with colossal dipole moments available in solids, compared to traditional atomic systems, is promising for entering uncharted regimes of ultrastrong light-matter coupling. Nonintuitive quantum phenomena can occur in such regimes, including a "squeezed" vacuum state [1], the Dicke superradiant phase transition [2,3], the breakdown of the Purcell effect [4], and quantum vacuum radiation [5] induced by the dynamic Casimir effect [6,7].Specifically, in a cavity QED system, there are three rates that jointly characterize different light-matter coupling regimes: g, κ, and γ. The parameter g is the coupling constant, with 2g being the vacuum Rabi splitting between the two normal modes, the lower polariton (LP) and upper polariton (UP), of the coupled system. The parameter κ is the photon decay rate of the cavity; τ cav = κ −1 is the photon lifetime of the cavity, and the cavity Q = ω 0 τ cav at mode frequency ω 0 . The parameter γ is the nonresonant matter decay rate, which is usually the decoherence rate in ...

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confidence: 84%

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confidence: 99%

Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

et al. 2016

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“…The attractive peculiarity of such a system in comparison to those based on conventional interband exciton polaritons is a nonvanishing ratio of the Rabi frequency to the transition energy, which enables an exploration of the ultrastrong-coupling regime. 23 In addition, unlike interband transitions in a 2D system, strong electron-hole interactions and the formation of excitons are not necessary for obtaining the strong-coupling regime, 24 although they play a certain role in structures with highly doped QWs, where the formation of intersubband plasmon polaritons 26,27 and Fermi edge polaritons 28 can be observed.…”

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confidence: 99%

One-dimensional Van Hove polaritons

et al. 2013

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We study the light-matter coupling of microcavity photons and an interband transition in a one-dimensional (1D) nanowire. Due to the Van Hove singularity in the density of states, resulting in a resonant character of the absorption line, the achievement of strong coupling becomes possible even without the formation of a bound state of an electron and a hole. The calculated absorption in the system and corresponding energy spectrum reveal anticrossing behavior characteristic of the formation of polariton modes. In contrast to the case of conventional exciton polaritons, the formation of 1D Van Hove polaritons will not be restricted to low temperatures and can be realized in any system with a singularity in the density of states.

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“…This phase transition has no counter part in weak-coupling systems, and its nature is directly related to the non-trivial topology of the quasi-energy space. In the context of recent significant fundamental interests in exploring the ultra-strong coupling physics [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][40][41][42][43], our work points to the exciting prospect of exploring non-trivial topological effects in ultra-strong coupling regime.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[14] for achieving a photonic gauge potential. Unlike the electronic transition, where reaching the ultra-strong coupling regime is a significant challenge [40][41][42][43], for photonic transition [33] it is in fact rather natural that the system operates in the ultrastrong coupling regime. Thus, systems exhibiting photonic transition can be readily used to explore the physics of ultra-strong coupling.…”

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confidence: 99%

Topologically nontrivial Floquet band structure in a system undergoing photonic transitions in the ultrastrong-coupling regime

Yuan

Fan

2015

Phys. Rev. A

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We consider a system of dynamically-modulated photonic resonator lattice undergoing photonic transition, and show that in the ultra-strong coupling regime such a lattice can exhibit non-trivial topological properties, including topologically non-trivial band gaps, and the associated topologically-robust one-way edge states. Compared with the same system operating in the regime where the rotating wave approximation is valid, operating the system in the ultra-strong coupling regime results in one-way edge modes that has a larger bandwidth, and is less susceptible to loss. Also, in the ultra-strong coupling regime, the system undergoes a topological insulator-tometal phase transition as one varies the modulation strength. This phase transition has no counter part in systems satisfying the rotating wave approximation, and its nature is directly related to the non-trivial topology of the quasi-energy space.

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Ultrastrong Coupling Regime and Plasmon Polaritons in Parabolic Semiconductor Quantum Wells

Cited by 185 publications

References 23 publications

Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

One-dimensional Van Hove polaritons

Topologically nontrivial Floquet band structure in a system undergoing photonic transitions in the ultrastrong-coupling regime

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