Ultrastable, stretchable, highly conductive and transparent hydrogels enabled by salt-percolation for high-performance temperature and strain sensing

Wu, Zixuan; Shi, Wenxiong; Ding, Haojun; Zhong, Bihui; Huang, Wenxi; Zhou, Yubin; Gui, Xuchun; Xie, Xi; Wu, Jin

doi:10.1039/d1tc02506f

Cited by 92 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Hydrogels based on LiBr have stronger electric conductivity and anti‐drying performance than that on LiCl, 33 which is also used in sensors 34 . Besides lithium ions, the cheaper salt NaCl is also widely employed to play a similar role in constructing conductive hydrogels 35 .…”

Section: Hydrogel‐based Strain Sensors With Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and wearable strain sensors based on conductive hydrogels

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Journal of Polymer Science

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In recent years, the field of flexible electronics has been thriving in academic achievements. Among them, the hydrogel-based strain sensors possess some characteristic advantages in stretchability, flexibility, stickiness and regulable modulus of elasticity, thus they are more likely to attach to human skin and the surfaces of objects. Compared to traditional sensors, hydrogels can overcome shortcomings in toughness and elasticity. Therefore, hydrogels are suitable to serve as the core materials of wearable electronics. Hydrogel-based strain sensors, as a typical kind of hydrogel flexible electronics, are in the categories of resistance sensors and capacitive sensors, which are primarily used for real-time monitoring of human motions. This review mainly introduces the up-to-date relative literatures in the field of hydrogel-based strain sensors.

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Section: Hydrogel‐based Strain Sensors With Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and wearable strain sensors based on conductive hydrogels

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Journal of Polymer Science

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“…The dynamic viscoelastic networks provided the biomimetic skin with a wide spectrum of mechanical properties and polyelectrolytes’ ionic conductivity allows multiple sensory capabilities toward temperature, strain, and stress. Recently, Wu and coworkers utilized a facile salt-percolated strategy to fabricate hydrogel-based temperature and strain sensors with excellent freezing and drying tolerances [ 82 ]. The resultant sensors exhibited high thermal sensitivity, wide temperature detection range, low strain detection limit, short response time, and low hysteresis, making it attractive for next-generation wearable electronics.…”

Section: Multiple-stimuli-responsive E-skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Electronic Skins with Multiple-Stimuli-Responsive and Self-Healing Abilities

2022

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Wearable electronic skin (e-skin) has provided a revolutionized way to intelligently sense environmental stimuli, which shows prospective applications in health monitoring, artificial intelligence and prosthetics fields. Drawn inspiration from biological skins, developing e-skin with multiple stimuli perception and self-healing abilities not only enrich their bionic multifunctionality, but also greatly improve their sensory performance and functional stability. In this review, we highlight recent important developments in the material structure design strategy to imitate the fascinating functionalities of biological skins, including molecular synthesis, physical structure design, and special biomimicry engineering. Moreover, their specific structure-property relationships, multifunctional application, and existing challenges are also critically analyzed with representative examples. Furthermore, a summary and perspective on future directions and challenges of biomimetic electronic skins regarding function construction will be briefly discussed. We believe that this review will provide valuable guidance for readers to fabricate superior e-skin materials or devices with skin-like multifunctionalities and disparate characteristics.

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“…Hydrogel is a polymer material with a three-dimensional polymer network structure formed by chemical or physical cross-linking and swelled in a large amount of water. Many hydrogels have excellent stretchability, ionic conductivity, self-healability, biocompatibility, etc., and have been widely applied to fabricate wearable sensors for the monitoring of various physical and chemical quantities, such as pressure, temperature, strain, humidity, and the like [ 41 – 44 ]. Herein, for the first time, we employ polyacrylamide-chitosan (PAM-CS) composite organohydrogel to fabricate stretchable, self-healable, self-adhesive, and high-performance electronic oxygen sensors that can work at RT (27 °C) (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healing, Self-Adhesive and Stable Organohydrogel-Based Stretchable Oxygen Sensor with High Performance at Room Temperature

Liang

Wei

et al. 2022

Nano-Micro Lett.

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With the advent of the 5G era and the rise of the Internet of Things, various sensors have received unprecedented attention, especially wearable and stretchable sensors in the healthcare field. Here, a stretchable, self-healable, self-adhesive, and room-temperature oxygen sensor with excellent repeatability, a full concentration detection range (0-100%), low theoretical limit of detection (5.7 ppm), high sensitivity (0.2%/ppm), good linearity, excellent temperature, and humidity tolerances is fabricated by using polyacrylamide-chitosan (PAM-CS) double network (DN) organohydrogel as a novel transducing material. The PAM-CS DN organohydrogel is transformed from the PAM-CS composite hydrogel using a facile soaking and solvent replacement strategy. Compared with the pristine hydrogel, the DN organohydrogel displays greatly enhanced mechanical strength, moisture retention, freezing resistance, and sensitivity to oxygen. Notably, applying the tensile strain improves both the sensitivity and response speed of the organohydrogel-based oxygen sensor. Furthermore, the response to the same concentration of oxygen before and after self-healing is basically the same. Importantly, we propose an electrochemical reaction mechanism to explain the positive current shift of the oxygen sensor and corroborate this sensing mechanism through rationally designed experiments. The organohydrogel oxygen sensor is used to monitor human respiration in real-time, verifying the feasibility of its practical application. This work provides ideas for fabricating more stretchable, self-healable, self-adhesive, and high-performance gas sensors using ion-conducting organohydrogels.

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Ultrastable, stretchable, highly conductive and transparent hydrogels enabled by salt-percolation for high-performance temperature and strain sensing

Abstract: Ionic hydrogels are promising candidates for fabricating stretchable electronics, but the deficiency in drying and freezing tolerance severely limits their application. Here, we reported a facile and versatile salt-percolated strategy...

Cited by 92 publications

References 53 publications

Flexible and wearable strain sensors based on conductive hydrogels

Flexible and wearable strain sensors based on conductive hydrogels

Recent Advances in Electronic Skins with Multiple-Stimuli-Responsive and Self-Healing Abilities

Self-Healing, Self-Adhesive and Stable Organohydrogel-Based Stretchable Oxygen Sensor with High Performance at Room Temperature

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