Ultrastable Silicon Anode by Three-Dimensional Nanoarchitecture Design

Huang, Gang; Han, Jonghee; Lu, Zhenjiang; Wei, Daixiu; Kashani, Hamzeh; Watanabe, Kentaro; Chen, Mingwei

doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b09928

Cited by 121 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…The passivation layer of inorganic–organic hybrid silicate, which is brought in porous Si material (Ni@N–G@Si) by CVD, can prevent the direct contact of Si with electrolyte. [ 32 ] The freestanding N–G@Si@hybrid silicate (N–G@Si@HSi) film with porous structure is obtained after dissolving Ni substrates by HCl. The designing of porous structure is effective way to reduce silicon volume change and provide channels for ion transportation.…”

Section: Efficient Strategies Toward Si Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Recent Progress on Silicon‐Based Anode Materials for Next‐Generation Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2021

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The electrode materials are the most critical content for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density for electric vehicles and portable electronics. Considering the high abundance, environmental friendliness, low cost, high capacity, and low operation potential of silicon‐based anode, it has been intensively studied as one of the most promising anode materials for high‐energy LIBs. However, the widespread application of silicon anode is impeded by the poor electrical conductivity, large volume variation, and unstable solid–electrolyte interfaces films. In the past decade, significant efforts have been demonstrated to tackle these major challenges toward industrial applications. Herein, the focus is on combining with advanced structure like nanostructure and composite with other materials, exploring various new polymer binders, improving electrolyte, different prelithiation strategies, and Si/graphite design to meet commercialization requirements, particularly summarized the progress on areal capacity, initial Coulombic efficiency, and cost. Finally, the guidelines and trends for practical silicon electrodes are presented based on the recent reports.

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Section: Efficient Strategies Toward Si Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Recent Progress on Silicon‐Based Anode Materials for Next‐Generation Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2021

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“…Specifically, after carefully evaluating the best results of Si‐based materials in half and full cells reported so far in literature, [ 92–95 ] their prospects can be summarized as follows: I) Si materials with bulk, [ 96–99 ] core–shell, [ 100–106 ] porous, [ 107–111 ] sandwich, [ 112–114 ] and nanowire [ 115–118 ] structures are synthesized through a variety of strategies, such as magnesiothermic reduction, solvothermal, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and polymerization. In addition to superior half cell performance, their full cells with conventional LFP and LCO cathodes, high capacity NCM and LiNi x Co y Al z O 2 (NCA, x + y + z = 1) cathodes, as well as high voltage LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LMNO) cathodes have also been developed to balance their cost, energy densities, and lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon‐Based Lithium Ion Battery Systems: State‐of‐the‐Art from Half and Full Cell Viewpoint

Guo

Dong

Wang

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

106

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Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been occupying the dominant position in energy storage devices. Over the past 30 years, silicon (Si)‐based materials are the most promising alternatives for graphite as LIB anodes due to their high theoretical capacities and low operating voltages. Nevertheless, their extensive volume changes in battery operation causes the structural collapse of Si‐based electrodes, as well as severe side reactions. In this review, the preparation methods and structure optimizations of Si‐based materials are highlighted, as well as their applications in half and full cells. Meanwhile, the developments of promising electrolytes, binders and separators that match Si‐based electrodes in half and full cells have made great progress. Pre‐lithiation technology has been introduced to compensate for irreversible Li+ consumption during battery operation, thereby improving the energy densities and lifetime of Si‐based full cells. More importantly, almost all related mechanisms of Si‐based electrodes in half and full cells are summarized in detail. It is expected to provide a comprehensive insight on how to develop high‐performance Si‐based full cells. The work can help us understand what happens during the lithiation process, the primary causes of Si‐based half and full cells failure, and strategies to overcome these challenges.

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“…Currently, the next goals on the roadmap are higher mileage and reduction of charging time of or graphene, [28,29] through porous or hollow structures with reduced electrolyte contact area [30] or more complex structures. [31,32] However, this typically includes complex synthesis routes that are often not easily scalable or low-cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For high cycle life silicon anodes, it is crucial to design a mechanically robust SEI, for example, by embedding the silicon nanoparticles in a matrix such as carbon, namely Si/C composites, [ 25–27 ] wrapping them, for example, with polyaniline or graphene, [ 28,29 ] through porous or hollow structures with reduced electrolyte contact area [ 30 ] or more complex structures. [ 31,32 ] However, this typically includes complex synthesis routes that are often not easily scalable or low‐cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas‐Phase Synthesis of Silicon‐Rich Silicon Nitride Nanoparticles for High Performance Lithium–Ion Batteries

Kilian

Wiggers

2021

Part & Part Syst Charact

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electrical vehicles. Therefore, the energy density as well as rate capability of LIBs needs to be further improved. While there are many parameters defining a battery's characteristics, the anode and cathode materials have by far the highest impact on performance.Silicon is widely recognized as the most promising component in high-capacity anode materials for next-generation LIBs, owing to its natural abundance, low working potential, and its high theoretical storage capacity of 3579 mAh g −1 . [2,3] Furthermore, enhanced rate performance compared to graphite, [4,5] environmental benignity, and low cost [6][7][8] are some of the additional advantages. However, siliconbased anodes mainly face two challenges: fracturing and pulverization of the anode, and continuous solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth. These challenges arise from the large amount of Li atoms that can be inserted into silicon leading to huge volume changes of up to 300% at full lithiation, [9] resulting in severe cracking, mechanical instability, and ultimately a loss of electrical contact. Thus, parts of the active material become electrochemically inactive [10,11] and respective electrodes usually show failure after only a few cycles. This problem is generally solved by using nanomaterials such as nanowires, nanoparticles, or thin films. [12][13][14][15] Crystalline silicon nanoparticles with a diameter below a critical value of 150 nm are resilient to cracking because the generated hoop stress from anisotropic expansion during lithiation is too low to drive crack propagation. [16,17] In contrast, amorphous silicon nanoparticles show better lithiation kinetics and the critical diameter rises to almost 1 µm due to isotropic expansion. [18,19] Whereas nano structuring mitigates challenges related to fracturing and pulverization, the high specific surface area enhances irreversible capacity losses and capacity fade in the first cycles through a high volume fraction of the inactive SEI. [20,21] However, it acts as a stabilizing, passivating layer on the electrode surface during battery charging and consists of a wide variety of reduction products and varies with electrolyte composition, silicon surface groups, formation procedure, and so on. [22][23][24] During cycling, the SEI in silicon-based anodes fractures and the repetitive exposure of fresh silicon surfaces readily leads to advanced degradation through continuous SEI growth. For high cycle life silicon anodes, it is crucial to design a mechanically robust SEI, for example, by embedding the silicon nanoparticles in a matrix such as carbon, namely Si/C composites, [25][26][27] wrapping them, for example, with polyanilineThe practical application of silicon-based anodes is severely hindered by continuous capacity fade during cycling. A very promising way to stabilize silicon in lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes is the utilization of nanostructured silicon-rich silicon nitride (SiN x ), a conversion-type anode material. Here, SiN x with structure sizes in the sub-micrometer range have been syn...

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Ultrastable Silicon Anode by Three-Dimensional Nanoarchitecture Design

Cited by 121 publications

References 43 publications

Challenges and Recent Progress on Silicon‐Based Anode Materials for Next‐Generation Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Challenges and Recent Progress on Silicon‐Based Anode Materials for Next‐Generation Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Silicon‐Based Lithium Ion Battery Systems: State‐of‐the‐Art from Half and Full Cell Viewpoint

Gas‐Phase Synthesis of Silicon‐Rich Silicon Nitride Nanoparticles for High Performance Lithium–Ion Batteries

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