Ultrastable dihydrophenazine-based polymer from industrial waste as a sustainable lithium-ion battery cathode material

Abstract

Fully utilization of chemical industrial wastes is critical to the ecological and social sustainability. Amongst, it is rather fascinating to utilize redox-active organic wastes as sustainable electrode materials for rechargeable...

Influence of Backbone on the Performance of Pendant Polymer Electrode Materials in Li-ion Batteries

“…For example, the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radical, a well-studied redox-active group, has been appended to polyacrylamide, polymethacrylate, polyether, polynorbornene, polystyrene, and polypeptide backbones. Similar backbone diversity can be found with other popular motifs, such as quinones − and phenazines. − In all cases, the backbone’s physical attributes, such as its degree of crystallinity, flexibility, and polarity, are transferred to the OEM. This, in turn, dictates the morphology and dynamics within the electrode film and, ultimately, strongly influences the device performance.…”

Versatile Nitrogen‐Centered Organic Redox‐Active Materials for Alkali Metal‐Ion Batteries

“…In general, polymerization of the active materials is the commonly used strategy to mitigate the dissolution problem of organic materials. [128][129][130][131] For example, Dai et al demonstrated that the superior stability of N redox-active centers in N,N'-diphenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine oligomer (p-DPPZ) was achieved by conjugation manipulation. [55] The DFT calculations disclose that the p-DPPZ possesses donor-acceptor-donor chain and cationacceptor-cation chain structure in natural and charged state, respectively.…”

Dihydrophenazine-derived oligomers from industrial waste as sustainable superior cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

“…valuable materials for suitable OEMs is critical and benecial. [12][13][14] Phenazine is a main component of the dregs in the production of rubber antioxidant RT-base. The annual output of phenazine in RT-base dregs is more than 1000 tons in China alone.…”

“…Therefore, the exploitation of industrial wastes as valuable materials for suitable OEMs is critical and beneficial. 12–14…”

“…13 Later, we replaced the benzyl moieties with stable 2- O -ethyl groups to achieve an electrochemical robust polymer ( PBEMP ) with much improved specific capacity (123 mA h g −1 ) and enhanced working potentials. 14 However, the capacity of PBEMP is still limited because of its high content of inactive parts. The molecular structure is needed to be further optimized.…”