Ultrasound Measurement of the Fetal Head to Abdomen Circumference Ratio in the Assessment of Growth Retardation

Campbell, Stuart; Thoms, Alison

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1977.tb12550.x

Cited by 480 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

220

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Such information may be useful in the absence of a well-dated pregnancy or possibly if the fetus is large or small for gestational age. Previously published gestational ageindependent nomograms include BPD as a predictor of fetal age, 13 head circumferenceabdominal circumference ratio, 14 and BPD-long bone ratios for Down syndrome screening. 15 Biparietal diameter-and gestational age-based nomograms may be used to assess fetal thyroid size in patients who are at risk for fetal goiter, enabling the examiner to evaluate the possibility of thyroid abnormality in the fetus and to assess fetal thyroid size after intrauterine treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography of the fetal thyroid: nomograms based on biparietal diameter and gestational age.

Ranzini

Ananth

Smulian

et al. 2001

J of Ultrasound Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To describe gestational age-dependent and -independent nomograms for fetal thyroid size. Methods. Two hundred fetuses were evaluated between 16 and 37 weeks' gestation in this crosssectional study. Results. Nomograms of fetal thyroid size were created by using the 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles based on biparietal diameter and gestational age. A second-order polynomial fit for biparietal diameter and a linear fit for gestational age best described thyroid circumference measurements. Variations in thyroid circumference measurements increased with both larger biparietal diameter and advancing gestational age. There was no intraobserver or interobserver variability in thyroid circumference measurements (P > .20). Conclusions. Both biparietal diameter and gestational age serve as good predictors of fetal thyroid circumference. When the biparietal diameter is difficult to measure, gestational age can be used to assess thyroid size.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography of the fetal thyroid: nomograms based on biparietal diameter and gestational age.

Ranzini

Ananth

Smulian

et al. 2001

J of Ultrasound Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…8 The t test was used to determine whether the mean differences were significantly different from zero, and Bartlett's test was used to evaluate interobserver variation in the measuring techniques. 11 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of two methods for measuring fetal head and body circumferences.

Hadlock

Kent

Loyd

et al. 1982

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Head and abdominal circumference measurements of 166 fetuses (15-40 weeks) were made by three different examiners using two measurement techniques. In method 1 the actual circumferences were measured using an electronic digitizer, while in method 2 the circumference measurements were estimated using the formula for calculating the circumference for an ellipse. Evaluation of the entire data set as a whole demonstrated no significant mean errors (P > 0.05), and only a small degree of variability (2 SO = 6 per cent).Evaluation of the data for each examiner demonstrated no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the observed variability, but small statistically significant mean errors (1.7-4.1 per cent) were observed. The latter finding is thought not to be a limitation of the ellipse approximation technique, since similar findings have been observed when experienced sonographers make actual circumference measurements on the same fetus using the same equipment. (Key words: abdominal circumference; ellipse approximation technique; fetus; head circumference; measurement.) Sonographic methods for assessing the normalcy of fetal growth frequently utilize circumference measurements of the fetal head and abdomen. Reported values for these measurements at various points in gestation 1 -4 are based on measurements that were made with a hand-held map measurer (e.g., Dietzgen) or a more expensive electronic digital planimeter (e.g., Numonics Corporation). Some reports have suggested that satisfactory estimates of these measurements can be made using the formula for calculating the circumference of an ellipse; circumference = {short axis (d 1 } + long axis (d 2 )] x 1.57. However, there are few data to s upport this contention. 5 -7 The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether accurate measurements of the fetal head and abdominal circumferences can be obtained using this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODSSatisfactory images for measurements of the fetal head circumference and abdominal circumference were obtained on 166 fetuses (15-40 weeks) using methods and criteria previous ly described. 3 All examinations were performed by physicians using a commercially available linear array real-time ultrasound system (ADR, Model 2130). The images were recorded on Polaroid film using a minification factor of2.74 to 1. The two diameter measurements were made from outer margin to outer margin using hand-held calipers. For the head, the biparietal axis and occipital frontal axis were used as the two diameter measurements. For the abdo· men, the shortest and longest axes passing through the mid-abdomen were used as the two diameters. The next step in the procedure involved measuring the perimeters of the fetal head and abdomen images using a Numonics electronic digitizer (Model 1250-l). The minification fitctor (2.74 to I) was incorporated into the electronic digitizer, so that measurements were obtained in actual centimeters using this device. The last step involved converting the two diameters for both head and body to actual c...

show abstract

“…En el campo fetal, la primera aplicación de la ecografía al reconocimiento de la proporcionalidad corporal anormal, a objeto de pesquisar desnutrición in útero, fue comunicada en 1977 por Campbell y Thoms (13), utilizando la relación perímetro cefálico/perímetro abdominal, índice que varía en función de la edad gestacional. En 1983, Hadlock y cols (14) proponen una evaluación de la relación entre el perímetro abdominal (como indicador de peso fetal) y la longitud del fémur (como indicador de la longitud fetal).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Índices Antropométricos Para La Evaluación De La Embarazada Y El Recién Nacido: Cálculo Mediante Tablas Bidimensionales

Ossa

et al. 2011

Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMENAntecedentes: La valoración nutricional de la madre y el recién nacido es un criterio ampliamente usado con fines pronósticos y de manejo clínico. En el ámbito obstétrico materno y neonatal se utiliza índice de masa corporal e índice ponderal neonatal respectivamente. Objetivo: Construir tablas bidimensionales que en la clínica práctica faciliten la obtención de estos índices. Método: Los índices antropométricos que relacionan el peso y la talla, fueron calculados mediante sus fórmulas respectivas: peso dividido por talla al cuadrado o al cubo según se trate de índice de masa corporal o índice ponderal neonatal. Para la categorización posterior del estado nutricional tanto materno como neonatal, los índices obtenidos han de ser valorados con gráficas en función de la edad gestacional. Recomendamos para ello los estándares de referencia nacional. Resultados: Se conformaron dos tablas bidimensionales para el cálculo de índices, las cuales fueron acotadas de acuerdo a valores antropométricos promedios de nuestra población. Conclusión: Estas tablas facilitarán al clínico la obtención de índices antropométricos y el diagnóstico de la condición nutricional de la embarazada y recién nacido. PALABRAS CLAVES: Diagnóstico nutricional, índices antropométricos SUMMARYBackground: Nutritional assessment is a widely used criterion for prognostic purposes and clinical management. In obstetrics, maternal and neonatal body mass index and neonatal ponderal index, respectively, are used. Objective: To construct bidimensional tables to facilitate indexes obtaining process in clinical practice, moreover, graphs also are recommend for nutritional categorize using this indexes. Methods: The anthropometric indexes that associate weight with height were calculated by their respectively formulas: weight divided by height squared or cubed, depending if body mass index or neonatal ponderal index is needed. For the subsequently categorization of both maternal and neonatal nutritional status, these indexes have to be judged in terms of gestational age graphics. For this process, we recommend national standard references. Results: Two bidimensional tables were built to calculate the indexes and were delimited according to anthropometric averages of our population. Conclusion: These tables will facilitate the obtaining of indexes by the clinicians and, at the same time, the nutritional status diagnosis of pregnant women and their newborn.

show abstract

Ultrasound Measurement of the Fetal Head to Abdomen Circumference Ratio in the Assessment of Growth Retardation

Cited by 480 publications

References 21 publications

Ultrasonography of the fetal thyroid: nomograms based on biparietal diameter and gestational age.

Ultrasonography of the fetal thyroid: nomograms based on biparietal diameter and gestational age.

An evaluation of two methods for measuring fetal head and body circumferences.

Índices Antropométricos Para La Evaluación De La Embarazada Y El Recién Nacido: Cálculo Mediante Tablas Bidimensionales

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About