Ultrasound Measurement of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Thickness Accurately Predicts Total and Segmental Body Fat of Young Adults

Leahy, Siobhán; Toomey, Clodagh; McCreesh, Karen; O’Neill, Cian; Jakeman, Philip M.

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.10.011

Cited by 75 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In contrast to the present study, previous studies have demonstrated validity of the US, but strictly with healthy [11], [12], [13], [43] and athletic [13], [18] populations, as well as with varying US technologies (A- mode, B-mode, M-mode). Johnson et al [11] reported that the US (BodyMetrix) was valid compared to BodPod (Δ0.2±0.69%) and BIS (Δ0.4±3.29%BF) in healthy, college age individuals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility and Validity of A-Mode Ultrasound for Body Composition Measurement and Classification in Overweight and Obese Men and Women

et al. 2014

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Identifying portable methods to measure body composition may be more advantageous than using body mass index (BMI) to categorize associated health consequences. Purpose: To compare the validity and reliability of a portable A-mode ultrasound (US) to a criterion three compartment model (3C) for the measurement of body composition. Methods: Forty-seven overweight and obese subjects participated in this study. Body composition was measured once via air displacement plethysmography for body density (Bd) and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy for total body water (TBW) for the 3C calculations. Ultrasound measurements (BodyMetrix, Intelametrix) were made using an A mode, 2.5- MHz transmitter. All measurements were made on the right side of the body at 7 skinfold sites. The US software calculated percent body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) from the 7-site Jackson and Pollock equation. Results: %BF and FM, respectively, measured by the US (29.1±6.5%; 27.4±8.1 kg) was significantly lower compared to the 3C model (33.7±7.6%; 31.8±9.8 kg; p<0.0005). Fat free mass was significantly higher for the US (66.7±13.0 kg) compared to the 3C model (62.3±12.6; p = 0.001). The US demonstrated respectable reliability for %BF, FM, and FFM with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranging from 0.84–0.98 and standard error of the measurement (SEM) values and 2.2%BF, 1.9 kg, 1.9 kg, respectively. Discussion: The US was found to under predict %BF and FM with large deviations from the criterion (n = 10>4%BF error). While the US was not valid in this population, it was reliable producing results with minimal error, suggesting this technique may be effective for tracking changes in a weight loss or clinical setting.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility and Validity of A-Mode Ultrasound for Body Composition Measurement and Classification in Overweight and Obese Men and Women

et al. 2014

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“…22 Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness at the abdomen measured with ultrasonography was compared with thickness measured by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; the two showed very good correlations (r = 0.905; p < 0.01). 23 Strong correlations were also found between ultrasonographic and computed tomographic measurements of visceral adipose tissue (r = 0.85-0.87). 22,24 A rigid tape was used to measure height; this has an excellent correlation (r = 0.98) with height measured radiographically.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Associated with Abdominal Microcurrent: A Preliminary Study

Noites

Nunes²,

Gouveia³

et al. 2015

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Objective: To analyze the short-and long-term effects of microcurrent used with aerobic exercise on abdominal fat (visceral and subcutaneous).Methods: Forty-two female students from a university population were randomly assigned into five group: intervention group (IG) 1 (n=9), IG2 (n=9), IG3 (n=7), IG4 (n=8), and placebo group (PG) (n=9). An intervention program of 10 sessions encompassing microcurrent and aerobic exercise (performed with a cycloergometer) was applied in all groups, with slightly differences between them. In IG1 and IG2, microcurrent with transcutaneous electrodes was applied, with different frequency values; 30-minute exercise on the cycloergometer was subsequently performed. IG3 used the same protocol as IG1 but with different electrodes (percutaneous), while in IG4 the microcurrent was applied simultaneously with the cycloergometer exercise. Finally, the PG used the IG1 protocol but with the microcurrent device switched off. All groups were evaluated through ultrasound and abdominal perimeter measurement for visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat assessment; through calipers for skinfolds measurement; through bioimpedance to evaluate weight, fat mass percentage, and muscular mass; and through blood analyses to measure cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels.Results: After intervention sessions, visceral fat decreased significantly in IG1 compared with the PG. Subcutaneous fat was reduced significantly in all groups compared with the PG. After 4 weeks, almost all results were maintained. Conclusion:The addition of microcurrent to aerobic exercise may reduce fat more than does aerobic exercise alone.

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“…In 2012, Leahy et al [31] took ultrasound and DXA measurements in 83 men and 52 women, aged 18–29 years. They found that a single ultrasound measure of subcutaneous adipose tissue at the abdomen was highly correlated with body fat percentage in both men ( r = 0.907) and women ( r = 0.905).…”

Section: Reliability and Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They added a lower limb measurement to develop a body fat percentage equation for men (abdomen + thigh; r = 0.947, SEE = 1.9%) and women (abdomen + calf; r = 0.909, SEE = 3.0%) with good predictive accuracy. In addition to these body fat percentage equations of Leahy et al [31], others have used ultrasound to predict the body density of lean men [27], lean women [32], obese adults [30], Japanese men and women [33], and sumo wrestlers [34], the body fat percentage of physically active British and Chinese men [35], and the fat mass of prepubertal Japanese children [36]. …”

Section: Reliability and Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound as a Tool to Assess Body Fat

2013

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Ultrasound has been used effectively to assess body fat for nearly 5 decades, yet this method is not known as well as many other body composition techniques. The purpose of this review is to explain the technical principles of the ultrasound method, explain the procedures for taking a measurement and interpreting the results, evaluate the reliability and validity of this method for measuring subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, highlight the advantages and limitations of ultrasound relative to other body composition methods, consider its utility to clinical populations, and introduce new body composition-specific ultrasound technology. The focus of this review is adipose, although various tissue thicknesses (e.g., muscle and bone) can be measured with ultrasound. Being a portable imaging device that is capable of making fast regional estimates of body composition, ultrasound is an attractive assessment tool in instances when other methods are limited. Furthermore, much of the research suggests that it is reliable, reproducible, and accurate. The biggest limitations appear to be a lack of standardization for the measurement technique and results that are highly dependent on operator proficiency. New ultrasound devices and accompanying software designed specifically for the purpose of body composition assessment might help to minimize these limitations.

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Ultrasound Measurement of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Thickness Accurately Predicts Total and Segmental Body Fat of Young Adults

Cited by 75 publications

References 15 publications

Reproducibility and Validity of A-Mode Ultrasound for Body Composition Measurement and Classification in Overweight and Obese Men and Women

Reproducibility and Validity of A-Mode Ultrasound for Body Composition Measurement and Classification in Overweight and Obese Men and Women

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Associated with Abdominal Microcurrent: A Preliminary Study

Ultrasound as a Tool to Assess Body Fat

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